摘要:山水林田湖草生态保护修复是新时代生态文明建设和国土空间综合整治的重要内容。基于重庆市“两江四山”山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点，探索平行岭谷区山水林田湖草整体保护、系统修复、综合治理的科学思路以及“山岭”“谷地”“江河”差异化的生态保护修复模式与措施。研究发现：平行岭谷区特殊的地形地貌条件决定了生态系统各要素具有纵向差异大、层次性强的特点，其山水林田湖草生态保护修复宜按照“山为骨、水为脉、林田湖草为肌体”的脉络进行布局，并依据海拔高程自上而下，在“山岭”“谷地”“江河”分区分层采用差异化生态保护修复与治理模式：“山岭”区域采用“保育恢复”模式，以矿山地质环境治理、森林抚育和生物多样性保护为主，“谷地”区域采用“综合整治”模式，以土地综合整治与土壤污染修复为主，“江河”区域采用“防治结合”模式，以两江沿线地质灾害防治、水环境保护和岛屿生态系统治理为主；未来应从拓展重庆地票生态功能、实施自然资源确权制度、全面试行生态环境损害赔偿制度、健全生态保护补偿机制、建立激励引导机制等方面进行制度创新和机制创新，形成山水林田湖草生态保护修复的长效机制。



Abstract:Ecological protection and remediation of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands are important components of ecological civilization construction and territorial space governance in the new era. Based on the pilot project of ecological protection and remediation of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, "two rivers and four mountains", in Chongqing, this paper explores the scientific ideas of overall protection, systematic remediation, and comprehensive management of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands in Ridge and Valley Province, as well as the differentiated ecological protection and remediation patterns and measures of "mountains", "valleys", and "rivers". This study found that the special landform condition of Ridge and Valley Province determines elements of the ecosystem with the characteristics of large longitudinal difference and strong gradation. The ecological protection and remediation of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands should be considered in the context of "mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands as bodies", which means that different models of restoration and governance should be implemented from top to bottom according to the altitude. Ecological protection and remediation of "mountains" is the pattern of "conservation of recovery", mainly environmental governance of mine geology, forest tending, and biodiversity conservation. Ecological protection and remediation of "valleys" is the pattern of "comprehensive improvement", mainly comprehensive land improvement and soil pollution remediation. Ecological protection and remediation of "rivers" is the pattern of "combination of prevention and treatment," mainly the prevention of geological disasters along the two rivers, water environmental protection, and island ecosystem governance. In the future, institutional and mechanistic innovations should aim to expand the ecological functions of land tickets, implement verification systems for natural resources, perform a comprehensive pilot of a compensation system for ecological and environmental damage, improve compensation mechanisms for ecological protection, and establish incentive and guidance mechanisms, forming a joint force of system governance of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, as well as the long-term mechanism of ecological protection and remediation.





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