摘要:妫水河流域是北京地区重要生态屏障，同时作为2019年世园会和2022年冬奥会的举办地，对其生态环境质量提出了更高的要求。基于妫水河流域2008、2013和2017年土地利用数据与数字高程影像，构建山水林田湖草空间信息图谱，采用空间自相关分析方法探究其时空演变特征，并结合植被覆盖度，揭示研究区不同山水林田湖草空间格局下的生态变化过程，实现对妫水河流域山水林田湖草空间格局的定量化分析。结果表明：1）低山丘陵和山前台地中山田面积持续减少，空间集聚程度也随之下降，但其植被覆盖度呈现稳步上升趋势；2）山区内山林、山草的空间复合结构较少，山林格局表现出较强的空间集聚性，但面积和空间集聚程度均不断下降，其植被覆盖度也呈现持续退化趋势；而山草的空间集聚度随面积增加总体呈增加趋势，整体波动幅度较小，其植被覆盖度总体是降低的，建议形成"山林-山草"复合格局；3）山水的面积在不同的地貌类型中基本呈现萎缩状态，且植被覆盖度均维持在相对较低的状态，河流生态退化较严重。研究结果将为改善妫水河流域的生态格局和生态环境质量提供重要的参考信息。



Abstract:It is of great importance to improve the eco-environmental quality of the Guishui River Basin (GRB), which serves as a significant ecological barrier of Beijing and the host of 2019 International Horticultural Exhibition and 2022 Winter Olympics. In this study, the spatial information atlas of Mountain-Water-Forest-Cropland-Lake-Grass in the GRB was firstly constructed, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of which were then explored with spatial autocorrelation analysis. Finally, the ecological change processes under different spatial patterns of the Mountain-Water-Forest-Cropland-Lake-Grass Systems in the GRB were quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the vegetation coverage. The results suggested that:1) the area and spatial agglomeration degree of the Mountain-Cropland in the low hilly areas and piedmont platforms decreased continuously, where the vegetation coverage showed a stable increasing trend; 2) the area with the composite spatial structure of Mountain-Forest and Mountain-Grass in the mountainous area was relatively low. The spatial pattern of Mountain-Forest in the mountainous area showed higher agglomeration, but its area and spatial agglomeration degree decreased continuously, and its vegetation coverage also showed a trend of continuous degradation. However, the spatial agglomeration degree of the Mountain-Grass has increased, and its overall fluctuation range has been relatively small, but its overall vegetation coverage has decreased. Therefore, a compound pattern of "Mountain-Forest and Mountain-Grass" should be established in order to improve the ecological environment quality; 3) the area of the Mountain-Water has decreased in different geomorphic types, the vegetation coverage of which has remained relatively low, and the ecological degradation of Mountain-Water was very serious. Overall, these results of this study will provide significant references for improving the land use planning and ecological environment quality in the GRB.





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