摘要:我国西南喀斯特峰丛洼地区脆弱的生态环境与剧烈的人类活动导致石漠化现象以及生态功能退化，制约了区域生态-福祉耦合效益的提升。首先从数值变化与空间变异综合的角度，构建了融合均方根偏差法与地理探测器的生态系统服务空间权衡度指标，进而围绕喀斯特水源涵养-土壤侵蚀关系以及植被固碳-土壤侵蚀关系，在不同环境因子梯度下和地貌形态类型区内开展生态系统服务空间权衡度计算及其分异特征研究。环境因子梯度分析表明，由于植被显著的保持水土能力，水源涵养与土壤侵蚀之间的空间权衡度随植被覆盖度的增大而逐渐减小；地形因子对地表水土过程与植被功能影响深刻，植被固碳和土壤侵蚀之间的空间权衡度随海拔和坡度的升高而逐渐增大，1000 m以上中海拔以及陡坡地区的空间权衡度是低海拔与缓坡地区的4-6倍。地貌形态类型区的统计结果显示，地貌特征对生态系统服务之间的空间权衡关系具有宏观控制作用，植被固碳-土壤侵蚀之间的空间权衡度随地形起伏度的升高而逐渐增大，具体为：中海拔平原 < 中海拔台地 < 中海拔丘陵 < 小起伏中山 < 中起伏中山，水源涵养与土壤侵蚀之间则成相反趋势。因此，今后在以生态系统服务协同提升为目标的喀斯特石漠化治理工作中，应强调环境因子作用程度的空间差异以及地貌形态特征的宏观控制作用。



Abstract:The fragile ecological environment and intense human activities in the karst peak clusters in southwest China have led to rocky desertification and degradation of ecological functions, which has restricted the improvement of the regional ecological-wellbeing coupling benefits. From the perspective of numerical variation and spatial variability, this paper proposed the spatial trade-offs indicators based on the root mean square deviation method and geographical detector. Then we concentrated on the relationships between water conservation-soil erosion and net primary production (NPP)-soil erosion. In the different environmental factor gradients and geomorphological types, the spatial trade-off of ecosystem services and its differentiation characteristics were studied. The gradient analysis of the environmental factors shows that the spatial trade-off between water conservation and soil erosion decreases with the increase of vegetation coverage while the spatial trade-off between NPP and soil erosion increases with elevation and slope. The spatial trade-off in the middle elevation areas above 1000 meters and steep slope areas is 4-6 times higher than that in low elevation and gentle slope areas. The statistical results of the morphological geomorphology types area show that the geomorphological characteristics have macro-control effects on the spatial trade-off relationship between ecosystem services, and the spatial trade-off between NPP and soil erosion increases with the increase of topographic relief. Their ranking are as follows:the middle elevation plain < middle elevation terrace < middle elevation hill < small relief mountain < middle relief mountain, while the trend between water conservation and soil erosion is opposite. Therefore, in the karst rocky desertification control work aiming at the coordinated improvement of ecosystem services, the spatial difference of environmental factors and the macro-control role of geomorphological characteristics should be emphasized.





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