摘要:云梦泽圩田是儒家井田制文化与云梦泽地区水文环境相结合的产物，是人们在长期治田治水实践中创造的一种独特的农田开发形式，然而，圩田这种土地利用方式利弊并存，如何挖掘这种传统水利田的生态智慧使之继续发挥作用是一个亟待解决的现实问题。以湖北朱湖湿地公园内的圩田恢复区为研究对象，以生态学思想为指导，从单纯的治田治水理念拓展为水利、生态、经济、文化与社会发展并重的多重理念，充分挖掘蕴含圩田之中的生态智慧，提出了"湖-圩"共生复合生态系统的生态模式，主要包括：小微湿地群模式、水陆界面生态调控模式、柔性设计模式和"河流-湿地"复合体模式。这些模式有助于云梦泽地区蓄洪防旱、水质净化、景观优化，以及生物生境等综合生态服务功能的实现，并促进云梦泽地区圩田景观文化传承与生态环境的协同共生，从而实现了智慧圩田的生态模式。这些生态模式是对圩田系统生态结构设计思路与方法的全新探索，可以为长江中下游地区圩田的景观保护与生态模式设计提供工程示范与参考。



Abstract:Polders are a product of a combination of the Confucian well field system and the hydrological environment of the Yunmeng Marsh area. Polders represent a unique form of farmland development created by people through long-term land management, including water control and harnessing paddy fields. However, there are several coexisting advantages and disadvantages of this mode of land use, so how to utilise the ecological wisdom from traditional paddy field use is a problem that must be solved urgently, so it can continue to play a role into the future. This study takes the polder restoration area in Zhuhu Wetland Park in Hubei Province as its research subject. In this study, a multifunctional polder system was designed based on ecological principles, with ecological, economic, cultural and social development benefits in addition to conserving water for flood prevention. Through fully evaluating the ecological wisdom of the polder system, a complex symbiotic "lake-polder" ecosystem in the ancient Yunmeng Marsh area was proposed, including the micro-wetland model, the land and water interface ecological regulation model, the flexible design model and the river-wetland complex model. These models were beneficial to the realization of comprehensive ecological services, such as flood control, water purification, landscape optimization and biological habitat provision, and promotion of the co-existence between the cultural heritage and ecological environment of the polder landscape, thus realizing the ecological model of intelligent polder in the Yunmeng Marsh area. This study represents a new exploration of the ecological structure of the polder system, providing an engineering demonstration and a reference for the landscape protection and ecological model design of polders in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.





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