摘要:阔叶红松林是北温带物种最丰富的地带性群落之一，长白山地区是其在中国范围内的中心分布区。中国政府已建立保护网络（24个自然保护区组成）来保护阔叶红松林及其重要的物种资源，但成效不显著。利用系统保护规划软件C-Plan，以集水区为规划单元，计算保护网络外规划单元的不可替代性值，识别出保护网络外高保护价值空缺，评估现有保护网络与纳入空缺后的优化保护网络的保护效率。研究结果显示，现有保护网络外的高保护价值规划单元呈集中沿山岭分布的特征，现有保护网络使24种物种的生境（共75种）实现其设定的保护目标，其他51种未能实现保护目标，且20种保护对象未能达到其设定保护目标的50%，保护成效低。纳入空缺后的优化保护网络，可使64种保护对象实现保护目标，其余11种保护对象的保护贡献值也不同程度提高，保护成效显著增强。结合人为干扰情况提出三种不同保护策略情景下的优先保护方案，并根据生态威胁强度提出各方案的保护建议，为长白山阔叶红松林保护管理提供决策依据，并为山地生态区保护网络优化研究提供方法指导。



Abstract:The broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest (BKPF) is one of most biodiverse zonal communities in the North Temperate Zone. Changbai Mountain in northeastern China contains one of the largest BKPFs in the region. The national government has established a network of 24 nature reserves to protect the BKPF and its vital species. So far, however, these reserves have performed with low efficiency. This paper attempts to optimize the conservation network. It proposes utilizing conservation planning software C-Plan to calculate the irreplaceability value (Ir) of each planning unit and identify high conservation value (HCV) gap areas. The overall goal of this approach was to assess the efficiency and comprehensiveness of the existing conservation network in supporting species biodiversity in the BKPF. The study also identifies specific gap areas that could optimize the network's protection capability if they were integrated into the network. The results show a number of HCV planning units concentrated along certain ridges. The habitats of 24 species (out of a total of 75) achieved their identified conservation targets in the existing conservation network. The other 51 species did not achieve the conservation target, and the habitats of 20 of these 51 species achieved less than 50% of their conservation targets. This low conservation efficiency can be greatly optimized by including certain HCV gap areas. The network could be configured to ensure that 64 species achieve their conservation targets by adding certain gap areas. Including the habitats of the other 11 species provides different degrees of protection, and efficiency is improved. Conservation strategies for a given ecosystem typically are derived by considering the needs of the human inhabitants against three different priorities. Using C-Plan software to analyze the conservation management of the BKPF in the Changbai Mountain region could guide decision making for optimizing the conservation network in this most precious of mountainous ecological zones.





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