摘要:碳捕集与封存（Carbon Capture and Storage，CCS）是应对全球气候变化、实现煤炭清洁利用的有效手段之一，但是地质封存的CO₂存在泄漏的风险，可能对农田生态系统产生重大威胁，影响我国粮食安全。根系生长是地上部和地下部相互作用、相互促进的统一过程，其形态特征对作物生产力有显著影响，但CCS泄漏对植物根系的影响评估尚不多见。本文以玉米为研究对象，采用盆栽底部通入CO₂的方法模拟不同CO₂泄漏情景，研究CK（0 g m^-2 d^-1）和G1000（1000 g m^-2 d^-1）和G2000（2000 g m^-2 d^-1）三种泄漏情景下CO₂对玉米根系形态的影响。结果表明：CO₂泄漏对玉米根系形态有明显的影响，随着泄漏量的增大总根长从40290.81 cm减少至21448.18 cm，减少46.77%，其中细根大幅减少；CO₂泄漏造成玉米明显减产，最大减产率达26.64%；玉米的地上部生物量较地下部生物量对CO₂泄漏更加敏感。综合来看，随着CO₂泄漏量增大，对玉米根的生长、地上部生物量、地下部生物量以及产量有显著的抑制作用。作物根系形态对封存CO₂泄漏的响应可为CCS泄漏监测和生态修复提供系统科学依据。



Abstract:Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an effective technology to address climate change and achieve clean utilization of coal. However, high risk of CO₂ leakage from geo-structure still exists, which may pose a threat to farmland ecosystem and food security in China. Root growth is a unified process of interaction and mutual promotion between the upper and underground parts, and the morphological characteristics of root in soil has a great impact on crop productivity. However, the assessment on the effects of CCS leakage on plant roots is rarely reported. In this paper, maize was selected to reveal the response of crop to CO₂ leakage by pot experiment. Three treatments, CK (0 g m^-2 d^-1), G1000 (1000 g m^-2 d^-1), and G2000 (2000 g m^-2 d^-1) were designed to simulate different scenarios of CO₂ leakage by controlling flux of CO₂ at the bottom of pot. The results showed:CO₂ leakage had a significant effect on the root morphology of maize. The total root length decreased from 40290.81 cm to 21448.18 cm with increase of CO₂ leakage, reduced by 46.77%, of which the fine root decreased greatly. The yield of maize decreased significantly under CO₂ leakage treatments, the maximum yield reduction was 26.64%. The aboveground biomass was more sensitive than underground biomass under CO₂ leakage. With the increase of CO₂ leakage, there was a significant inhibition effect on the root development, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, and yield of maize. The responses of crop root morphology to CO₂ leakage provide scientific basis for CCS leakage monitoring and ecological restoration.





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