摘要:2016年莫兰蒂台风对厦门城市社会-生态系统造成重创，该系统在灾害影响下的脆弱性成为亟待研究的重要问题。基于新浪微博平台进行大数据挖掘，结合统计年鉴及空间基础数据，建立台风灾害影响下基于暴露-敏感-应对-恢复力体系的海岸带城市社会-生态系统脆弱性指标体系，评估灾前灾后台风对厦门不同地区的影响；同时根据微博大数据的定位信息，对不同受灾信息进行灾情跟踪及分析，结果表明，在本次台风灾害中思明、湖里区表现出的脆弱性较低，而海沧、集美区表现出的脆弱性较高，主要是由于思明、湖里区的应对能力明显高于其他各区，从大数据显示的恢复情况来看，除海沧区外，其他三区在电力方面的恢复速度都较为迅速。研究成果能够为台风灾害背景下的城市脆弱性评价提供新的方法与技术，为灾前防治、灾后恢复提供决策参考。



Abstract:With the increase in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters, the risk and loss assessment of urban natural disasters and the construction of an urban security pattern are becoming more important. Based on social media data from the Sina microblogging platform, statistical yearbook data, and using the ArcGIS software, this study establishes a typhoon disaster vulnerability index for the rapid assessment of the impact of Typhoon "Meranti" on different districts of Xiamen at different stages. The location of a specific microblog information from the microblogging platform is used to track and analyze disaster information. The results show that when facing a typhoon disaster, the Siming and Huli District showed relatively low vulnerability, while Haicang and Jimei District showed higher vulnerability, which is mainly due to the quick response of local government and civil society organization in Siming and Huli District. From a perspective of recovery, except for the Haicang District, the speed of recovery of power in the other districts is relatively rapid. This study provides a new method and technology for the evaluation of typhoon disaster vulnerability, decision reference for pre-disaster control, and post-disaster recovery.





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