李娣^1,2,
李旭文²,
牛志春²,
张军毅³,
徐东炯⁴,
李继影⁵,
陈明⁶,
陈志芳⁷,
曹毅⁸,
李朝⁹,
卜伟¹⁰,
于红霞¹
1. 南京大学环境学院 污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室, 南京 210046;
2. 江苏省环境监测中心, 南京 210036;
3. 无锡市环境监测中心站, 无锡 214000;
4. 常州市环境监测中心, 常州 213001;
5. 苏州市环境监测中心, 苏州 215004;
6. 南京市环境监测中心站, 南京 210013;
7. 扬州市环境监测中心站, 扬州 225007;
8. 宿迁市环境监测中心站, 宿迁 223800;
9. 徐州市环境监测中心站, 徐州 221006;
10. 泰州市环境监测中心站, 泰州 225300

作者简介: 李娣(1983-),女,高级工程师,研究方向为环境科学、生态学,E-mail:springli1229@163.com.

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07502001-005)；江苏省太湖水环境综合治理科研课题(TH2014207)


中图分类号: X171.5

A Comparative Study on Macrobenthic Community Structure and Diversity in Different Trophic Status Lakes of Jiangsu Province

Li Di^1,2,
Li Xuwen²,
Niu Zhichun²,
Zhang Junyi³,
Xu Dongjiong⁴,
Li Jiying⁵,
Chen Ming⁶,
Chen Zhifang⁷,
Cao Yi⁸,
Li Zhao⁹,
Bu Wei¹⁰,
Yu Hongxia¹
1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China;
2. Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, China;
3. Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuxi 214000, China;
4. Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Changzhou 213001, China;
5. Suzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Suzhou 215004, China;
6. Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210013, China;
7. Yangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Yangzhou 225007, China;
8. Suqian Environmental Monitoring Center, Suqian 223800, China;
9. Xuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Xuzhou 221006, China;
10. Taizhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Taizhou 225300, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:为了解江苏省湖泊底栖动物群落结构和多样性并研究其对水环境质量变化的响应，于2012年春秋两季对江苏省16个湖泊51个采样点湖泊底栖动物群落结构与多样性以及湖泊综合营养状态指数进行调查，分析水质指标与底栖动物指数间Pearson相关关系。结果表明，江苏省16个湖泊营养状态指数范围为35.5~66.4，其中约81.2%的湖泊处于轻度-中度富营养状态，表明水质从好到中度污染；湖泊底栖动物优势种为寡毛类的霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)，优势度为13.0%；香浓多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener diversity index)范围为0.00~2.20，级别范围由极贫乏到较丰富状态，表明水质污染程度从重度到轻度污染。从全省尺度看，水质评价结果与生物学(香浓多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Biotic Index (BI)指数)评价结果存在一定差异。与历史数据相比，江苏省湖泊底栖动物清洁敏感物种减少甚至消失，总体群落结构趋于小型化。16个湖泊水体总氮和总磷与底栖动物密度呈显著负相关，而综合营养状态指数与底栖动物指数(香浓多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和BI指数)间关系不显著。上述研究结果表明综合营养状态指数无法完全客观反映湖泊水生态健康状况，因此需要综合水质、水文、水生生物、生境状况等因素发展新的评价指标体系。
关键词: 江苏省/
富营养化/
底栖动物/
多样性

Abstract:Lake eutrophication has resulted in loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem function. To investigate the structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate community and explore their responses to changes of water quality, samples were collected at 51 sites in 16 lakes of Jiangsu Province in Spring and Autumn of 2012. The relationships between water environmental variables and benthic macroinvertebrate indicators were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that STSI of the 16 lakes ranged from 35.5 to 66.4. 81.2% were nearly eutrophic or super-eutrophic. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities were dominated by Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri of oligochaetes with a dominance value of 13.0%. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.00 to 2.20, which suggested that the benthic macroinvertebrate community diversity in 16 lakes of Jiangsu Province was from quite deficient to rich status. Compared to historical data, sensitive taxa of macroinvertebrate communities decreased or even disappeared; the dominance of small size taxa increased greatly. Total density of benthic macroinvertebrate animals was significantly negatively correlated with total nitrogen and total phosphorus. However, no significant correlations were detected between trophic index and benthic macroinvertebrate indices. Our results suggested that synthesized trophic state index can’t reflect the ecological health of benthic community. Therefore, a new evaluation system should be established according to water quality, hydrology, aquatic organisms, habitats and other factors in the future.
Key words:Jiangsu Province/
eutrophication/
benthic macroinvertebrate community/
diversity.