), 黄月胜1, 陈锋菊1, 余思1 1 湖南第一师范学院教科院, 长沙 410205
2 北京师范大学发展心理研究院, 北京 100875
收稿日期:2016-05-18出版日期:2018-09-15发布日期:2018-07-27基金资助:国家社科基金一般项目(13BSH064)The influence mechanism of parental care on depression among left-behind rural children in China: A longitudinal study
FAN Xinghua1, FANG Xiaoyi2(), HUANG Yuesheng1, CHEN Fengju1, YU Si1 1 Department of Education, Hunan First Normal College, Changsha 410205, China
2 Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Received:2016-05-18Online:2018-09-15Published:2018-07-27摘要/Abstract
摘要： 为考察父母关爱对农村留守儿童抑郁的影响机制, 采用父母关爱问卷、自尊量表、神经质人格问卷、友谊质量问卷和抑郁量表对279名四年级和七年级农村儿童进行2.5年追踪调查。以前、后测间一直处于相同留守状态的207名儿童为分析对象, 结果显示：与非留守儿童相比, 前后测中单、双留守儿童报告的父母关爱均较少、抑郁均较高; 双留守儿童的后测抑郁显著高于前测; 控制性别对抑郁的作用后, 父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁有即时与延时负向预测效应; 即时预测中, 自尊、神经质起部分中介作用; 延时预测中, 后测自尊、神经质起部分中介作用; 增加控制后测父母关爱对后测抑郁、自尊、神经质的作用后, 前测父母关爱对后测抑郁的直接效应降低但仍接近显著, 同时对后测自尊、神经质的直接作用不显著; 上述两种控制条件下, 前测父母关爱与前测友谊质量交互项对后测自尊与神经质的预测作用均显著, 随着友谊质量的提高, 父母关爱对自尊、神经质的延时影响增大, 后测自尊与神经质的中介效应随之增强; 该调节效应仅发生在初中留守儿童中。
图/表 6
图1父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁的即时影响模型(M1)
图1父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁的即时影响模型(M1)
图2父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁的延时影响模型(M2)
图2父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁的延时影响模型(M2)表1三类儿童在变量上的得分(M ± SD)
| 变量 | T1 | F(2, 204) | T2 | F(2, 204) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 双留守 (n = 72) | 单留守 (n = 79) | 非留守 (n = 56) | 双留守 (n = 72) | 单留守 (n = 79) | 非留守 (n = 56) | |||
| 父母关爱 | 3.22 ± 0.84 | 3.41 ± 0.85 | 3.89 ± 0.69 | 11.25*** | 3.18 ± 0.96 | 3.36 ± 0.86 | 3.76 ± 0.84 | 6.85*** |
| 自尊 | 2.81 ± 0.43 | 2.83 ± 0.47 | 2.93 ± 0.49 | 1.14 | 2.77 ± 0.41 | 2.81 ± 0.42 | 2.91 ± 0.44 | 1.66 |
| 神经质 | 2.98 ± 0.68 | 2.79 ± 0.82 | 2.76 ± 0.65 | 1.88 | 3.01 ± 0.66 | 2.83 ± 0.73 | 2.78 ± 0.72 | 2.02 |
| 友谊质量 | 3.77 ± 0.78 | 3.71 ± 0.78 | 3.76 ± 0.71 | 0.13 | 3.80 ± 0.62 | 3.88 ± 0.66 | 3.69 ± 0.84 | 1.24 |
| 抑郁 | 1.98 ± 0.46 | 1.92 ± 0.42 | 1.72 ± 0.32 | 7.10*** | 2.15 ± 0.45 | 2.01 ± 0.48 | 1.76 ± 0.44 | 11.69*** |
表1三类儿童在变量上的得分(M ± SD)
| 变量 | T1 | F(2, 204) | T2 | F(2, 204) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 双留守 (n = 72) | 单留守 (n = 79) | 非留守 (n = 56) | 双留守 (n = 72) | 单留守 (n = 79) | 非留守 (n = 56) | |||
| 父母关爱 | 3.22 ± 0.84 | 3.41 ± 0.85 | 3.89 ± 0.69 | 11.25*** | 3.18 ± 0.96 | 3.36 ± 0.86 | 3.76 ± 0.84 | 6.85*** |
| 自尊 | 2.81 ± 0.43 | 2.83 ± 0.47 | 2.93 ± 0.49 | 1.14 | 2.77 ± 0.41 | 2.81 ± 0.42 | 2.91 ± 0.44 | 1.66 |
| 神经质 | 2.98 ± 0.68 | 2.79 ± 0.82 | 2.76 ± 0.65 | 1.88 | 3.01 ± 0.66 | 2.83 ± 0.73 | 2.78 ± 0.72 | 2.02 |
| 友谊质量 | 3.77 ± 0.78 | 3.71 ± 0.78 | 3.76 ± 0.71 | 0.13 | 3.80 ± 0.62 | 3.88 ± 0.66 | 3.69 ± 0.84 | 1.24 |
| 抑郁 | 1.98 ± 0.46 | 1.92 ± 0.42 | 1.72 ± 0.32 | 7.10*** | 2.15 ± 0.45 | 2.01 ± 0.48 | 1.76 ± 0.44 | 11.69*** |
图3父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁的即时影响模型(图中数字为标准化路径系数, 下同)
图3父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁的即时影响模型(图中数字为标准化路径系数, 下同)
图5控制性别与T2父母关爱作用后, T1父母关爱对留守儿童T2抑郁的延时影响模型
图5控制性别与T2父母关爱作用后, T1父母关爱对留守儿童T2抑郁的延时影响模型
图4控制性别作用后, 父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁的延时影响模型
图4控制性别作用后, 父母关爱对留守儿童抑郁的延时影响模型参考文献 67
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