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1 西南民族大学社会学与心理学学院, 成都 610041
2 浙江大学心理与行为科学系, 杭州 310028
3 杭州师范大学心理学系, 杭州 310036
4 云南民族大学教育学院, 昆明 650504
5 浙江理工大学心理学系, 杭州310018
6 重庆市委党校, 重庆 400041
收稿日期:
2015-10-19出版日期:
2018-06-01发布日期:
2018-04-28通讯作者:
张智君E-mail:zjzhang@zju.edu.cn基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31371039);国家自然科学基金项目(31500879);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(15YJC190022);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助(2018SQN04)The influence of perceptual load on gaze perceptual adaptation aftereffect
ZHAO Yajun1, ZHANG Zhijun2(
1 School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
2 Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
3 Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
4 School of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China
5 Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
6 Party School of the Chongqing municipal Party committee, Chongqing 400041, China
Received:
2015-10-19Online:
2018-06-01Published:
2018-04-28Contact:
ZHANG Zhijun E-mail:zjzhang@zju.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要: 结合知觉负载任务和注视适应范式, 考察了知觉负载(高、低知觉负载)对不同注视线索(偏离注视与直视)适应后效的影响。结果发现:(1)偏离注视在低负载条件存在显著的适应后效, 而在高负载条件仅存在微弱的适应后效, 并且前者显著大于后者; (2)直视在低负载和高负载条件都出现了显著的适应后效, 并且二者不存在显著差异; (3)注意资源对偏离注视知觉的调节作用大于对直视知觉的作用。这说明, 偏离注视知觉受到注意资源紧张程度的调节, 而直视知觉不受注意资源的调节, 注意资源对直视与偏离注视的调节作用存在差异, 推测二者可能存在不同的加工机制。
图/表 9
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图1不同注视方向的探测刺激和适应刺激
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图2单次试验流程图
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表1实验1不同知觉负载和适应条件下做“向左”、“直视”与“向右”反应的平均比例
实验条件与反应 | 注视方向 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
L10 | L5 | D0 | R5 | R10 | |
适应前基线 | |||||
向左 | 0.93 (0.08) | 0.58 (0.18) | 0.10 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) |
直视 | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.40 (0.18) | 0.78 (0.14) | 0.31 (0.17) | 0.04 (0.04) |
向右 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.68 (0.17) | 0.95 (0.05) |
低负载-适应L25 | |||||
向左 | 0.85 (0.12) | 0.42 (0.18) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.00) |
直视 | 0.12 (0.10) | 0.53 (0.18) | 0.73 (0.19) | 0.22 (0.13) | 0.02 (0.03) |
向右 | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.19 (0.16) | 0.75 (0.13) | 0.98 (0.03) |
低负载-适应R25 | |||||
向左 | 0.95 (0.09) | 0.68 (0.20) | 0.18 (0.11) | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.02 (0.03) |
直视 | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.30 (0.20) | 0.75 (0.18) | 0.50 (0.20) | 0.07 (0.06) |
向右 | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.12) | 0.42 (0.18) | 0.91 (0.07) |
高负载-适应L25 | |||||
向左 | 0.91 (0.16) | 0.51 (0.17) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.01) |
直视 | 0.07 (0.13) | 0.44 (0.17) | 0.73 (0.18) | 0.21 (0.12) | 0.02 (0.02) |
向右 | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.05 (0.10) | 0.19 (0.17) | 0.77 (0.11) | 0.98 (0.02) |
高负载-适应R25 | |||||
向左 | 0.94 (0.08) | 0.64 (0.23) | 0.15 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.02) |
直视 | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.32 (0.22) | 0.73 (0.25) | 0.36 (0.22) | 0.05 (0.77) |
向右 | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.12 (0.14) | 0.58 (0.20) | 0.94 (0.76) |
表1实验1不同知觉负载和适应条件下做“向左”、“直视”与“向右”反应的平均比例
实验条件与反应 | 注视方向 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
L10 | L5 | D0 | R5 | R10 | |
适应前基线 | |||||
向左 | 0.93 (0.08) | 0.58 (0.18) | 0.10 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) |
直视 | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.40 (0.18) | 0.78 (0.14) | 0.31 (0.17) | 0.04 (0.04) |
向右 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.68 (0.17) | 0.95 (0.05) |
低负载-适应L25 | |||||
向左 | 0.85 (0.12) | 0.42 (0.18) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.00) |
直视 | 0.12 (0.10) | 0.53 (0.18) | 0.73 (0.19) | 0.22 (0.13) | 0.02 (0.03) |
向右 | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.19 (0.16) | 0.75 (0.13) | 0.98 (0.03) |
低负载-适应R25 | |||||
向左 | 0.95 (0.09) | 0.68 (0.20) | 0.18 (0.11) | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.02 (0.03) |
直视 | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.30 (0.20) | 0.75 (0.18) | 0.50 (0.20) | 0.07 (0.06) |
向右 | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.12) | 0.42 (0.18) | 0.91 (0.07) |
高负载-适应L25 | |||||
向左 | 0.91 (0.16) | 0.51 (0.17) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.01) |
直视 | 0.07 (0.13) | 0.44 (0.17) | 0.73 (0.18) | 0.21 (0.12) | 0.02 (0.02) |
向右 | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.05 (0.10) | 0.19 (0.17) | 0.77 (0.11) | 0.98 (0.02) |
高负载-适应R25 | |||||
向左 | 0.94 (0.08) | 0.64 (0.23) | 0.15 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.02) |
直视 | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.32 (0.22) | 0.73 (0.25) | 0.36 (0.22) | 0.05 (0.77) |
向右 | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.12 (0.14) | 0.58 (0.20) | 0.94 (0.76) |
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图3实验1不同知觉负载任务中对探测注视方向做“直视反应”的平均比例
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图4实验1不同知觉负载条件下的注视适应效应量
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表2实验2不同知觉负载和适应条件下做“向左”、“直视”与“向右”反应的平均比例
实验条件与反应 | 注视方向 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
L10 | L5 | D0 | R5 | R10 | |
适应前基线 | |||||
向左 | 0.94 (0.11) | 0.65 (0.18) | 0.14 (0.10) | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.01) |
直视 | 0.06 (0.10) | 0.33 (0.16) | 0.75 (0.16) | 0.39 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.06) |
向右 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.57 (0.18) | 0.94 (0.07) |
低负载-适应D0 | |||||
向左 | 0.98 (0.04) | 0.78 (0.14) | 0.19 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.01) |
直视 | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.70 (0.18) | 0.28 (0.18) | 0.05 (0.08) |
向右 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.67 (0.20) | 0.95 (0.08) |
高负载-适应D0 | |||||
向左 | 0.97 (0.06) | 0.78 (0.18) | 0.13 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.01) |
直视 | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.20 (0.16) | 0.73 (0.18) | 0.31 (0.23) | 0.04 (0.05) |
向右 | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.14 (0.19) | 0.65 (0.24) | 0.96 (0.06) |
表2实验2不同知觉负载和适应条件下做“向左”、“直视”与“向右”反应的平均比例
实验条件与反应 | 注视方向 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
L10 | L5 | D0 | R5 | R10 | |
适应前基线 | |||||
向左 | 0.94 (0.11) | 0.65 (0.18) | 0.14 (0.10) | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.01) |
直视 | 0.06 (0.10) | 0.33 (0.16) | 0.75 (0.16) | 0.39 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.06) |
向右 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.57 (0.18) | 0.94 (0.07) |
低负载-适应D0 | |||||
向左 | 0.98 (0.04) | 0.78 (0.14) | 0.19 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.01) |
直视 | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.70 (0.18) | 0.28 (0.18) | 0.05 (0.08) |
向右 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.67 (0.20) | 0.95 (0.08) |
高负载-适应D0 | |||||
向左 | 0.97 (0.06) | 0.78 (0.18) | 0.13 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.01) |
直视 | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.20 (0.16) | 0.73 (0.18) | 0.31 (0.23) | 0.04 (0.05) |
向右 | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.14 (0.19) | 0.65 (0.24) | 0.96 (0.06) |
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图5实验2不同知觉负载任务中对探测注视方向做“直视反应”的平均比例
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图6实验2不同知觉负载条件下的注视适应效应量
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图7偏离注视(L25、R25)与直视(D0)在注意资源对适应后效的调节量上的比较
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