音乐训练对大脑前注意加工的影响

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陈雅弘, 王锦琰(

)

中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-09-25出版日期:2019-06-15发布日期:2019-04-22
通讯作者:王锦琰E-mail:wangjy@psych.ac.cn

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(31271092)

The effect of music training on pre-attentive processing of the brain

CHEN Yahong, WANG Jinyan(

)

Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-09-25Online:2019-06-15Published:2019-04-22
Contact:WANG Jinyan E-mail:wangjy@psych.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 前注意加工(pre-attentive processing)是发生在注意之前不依赖于意识的一种认知过程, 它反映了大脑对刺激的无意识的、自动的加工。失匹配负波(mismatch negativity, MMN)是研究前注意加工最常用的指标。MMN波幅降低已成为精神分裂症、抑郁症等精神类疾病的重要临床指征。MMN的研究范式主要包括经典oddball范式和多特征范式等。音乐训练对于人脑结构和功能有重要的影响, 对于增加灰质体积、改善注意记忆功能都有着显著的功效。音乐训练对MMN也有显著影响, 并表现在由各类声音特征构建的范式上。未来研究应进一步比较东西方音乐对MMN的影响, 探索更具生态化效度的研究范式, 揭示音乐训练对老年人MMN的影响及机制。

图/表 2

图1(a)多特征范式示意图。S代表标准刺激, D1, D2…分别代表不同的偏差刺激。(b)以阿尔贝蒂低音(Alberti Bass) 为刺激的多特征范式。红框(即左侧框)和绿框(即右侧框)内分别是四个音为一组的旋律, 红框内的第三个音为标准刺激, 绿框内的第三个音为偏差刺激。除了第三个音不同外, 其他三个对应位置上的音都相同 (改编自Vuust et al., 2011)。

图2刺激材料。第一行为标准刺激, 共有三个小节, 其中每一个音的强度都是相同的。音符下面的长灰色条代表声音时长为600 ms, 短灰色条代表声音时长为300 ms。第二行为节拍一致偏差刺激, 即每个音的时长都与标准刺激一样, 但在最后一小节的第一拍上强度增加(箭头所指)。第三行为节拍不一致偏差刺激, 将最后一小节的第一个音加重, 并提前了300 ms (箭头所指) (改编自Geiser et al., 2010)。

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