) 南开大学周恩来政府管理学院社会心理学系, 天津 300350
收稿日期:2017-07-03出版日期:2018-06-10发布日期:2018-04-28通讯作者:吕小康E-mail:xkdog@126.com基金资助:* 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(15JZD 030);南开大学亚洲研究中心项目(AS1719)Three theoretical perspectives on the origin of depression
CHEN Zichen, ZHANG Huijuan, WANG Xinjian, LV Xiaokang() Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Received:2017-07-03Online:2018-06-10Published:2018-04-28Contact:LV Xiaokang E-mail:xkdog@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 生物医学取向下的抑郁症研究多着重探究具体的致病基因和神经病理机制,致力于对抑郁症的直接致病原因进行解释和干预。关于抑郁症起源的理论医学研究则以基于实证结果的理论推导为基本方式,力图从终极意义上探讨抑郁症的历史原因。这些理论视角基本可归为三类：进化适应视角认为抑郁症起源于应对进化压力的适应机制, 主要体现为社会性适应假说和个体性适应假说; 功能失调视角认为抑郁症起源于正常心境和情绪功能的失调, 主要体现为错配解释和基因分布解释; 社会文化视角则认为抑郁症起源于社会文化的建构, 主要体现为社会文化建构观点和知识发展观点。三种理论观点下的抑郁症在内涵和本质上存在本质主义和建构主义的不同倾向, 如何发展出更具综合性的解释框架还有待理论整合和实证依据。
图/表 1
表1抑郁症起源三种理论视角的主要分歧
| 理论视角 | 如何认识抑郁症的? | 抑郁症是否是一种客观存在的疾病实体? | “抑郁症”现象的本质是什么? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 进化适应视角 | 本质主义 | 是一种不完全是疾病的实体 | 进化产物、适应 |
| 功能失调视角 | 本质主义 | 是一种疾病实体 | 功能失调、疾病 |
| 社会文化视角 | 建构主义 | 不是一种疾病实体 | 一系列由文化联系在一起的生理心理表现 |
表1抑郁症起源三种理论视角的主要分歧
| 理论视角 | 如何认识抑郁症的? | 抑郁症是否是一种客观存在的疾病实体? | “抑郁症”现象的本质是什么? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 进化适应视角 | 本质主义 | 是一种不完全是疾病的实体 | 进化产物、适应 |
| 功能失调视角 | 本质主义 | 是一种疾病实体 | 功能失调、疾病 |
| 社会文化视角 | 建构主义 | 不是一种疾病实体 | 一系列由文化联系在一起的生理心理表现 |
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