1.College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China 2.College of Physics Science Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
Abstract:A ferroelectric/ferromagnetic bilayer film model is established. The electric moment of ferroelectric layer is described by continuous scalars, and the spins of ferromagnetic layer are described by classical vectors. The thermodynamic properties, polarization and magnetization behavior are simulated by using Monte Carlo method. The temperature dependence of internal energy, specific heat, polarization and magnetization of the system under zero field are given, and the polarization and magnetization behavior of the system under an external magnetic field and under an external electric field are studied respectively. Simulation results show that the values of internal energy, specific heat, polarization and magnetization of the bilayer films under no action of external field are obviously different from each other due to the fact that their interlayer coupling coefficients are different. When the interfacial coupling is weak (Jem = 0.01), the bilayer films exhibit their own thermodynamic properties. The interaction between ferroelectric layer and ferromagnetic layer increases with the increase of interlayer coupling coefficient. When the interfacial coupling increases to a certain extent (Jem = 0.5), the bilayer film is coupled into a whole and exhibits a uniform thermodynamic behavior. The phase transition temperature of the system increases significantly.In an external magnetic field, the ferromagnetic layer shows hysteresis behavior, and the ferroelectric layer also shows hysteresis behavior. At relatively low temperature (T = 0.08), the hysteresis loop of ferromagnetic layer and ferroelectric layer exhibit bias behavior, the area of hysteresis loop of ferroelectric layer is small when the interfacial coupling is weak. With the increase of interfacial coupling, the phenomenon of bias is more obvious, and the area of hysteresis loop of ferroelectric layer also increases significantly. When the interfacial coupling reaches Jem = 0.75, the polarization behavior of the ferroelectric layer fully responds to the magnetization behavior of the ferromagnetic layer, and neither the bias phenomenon of the ferromagnetic layer nor the bias phenomenon of the ferroelectric layer is still existent. As temperature increases (T = 0.4), the phenomenon of bias disappears even if the interlayer coupling is weak. In an external electric field, the hysteresis behavior of ferromagnetic layer and the hysteresis behavior of ferroelectric layer are similar to those in an external magnetic field. The difference is that the bias phenomenon of the bilayer film still exists for weak interfacial coupling at relatively high temperature (T = 0.4). The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature. Keywords:polarization/ magnetization/ loop/ bias
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2.理论模型基于文献[7—9], 建立了由一个铁电层和一个铁磁层构成的双层膜体系(FE/FM双层膜), 如图1所示. 双层膜通过界面的铁电/铁磁耦合作用互相影响. 考虑到铁电/铁磁层晶体的极化特征, 假定铁电层极化为位移极化, 即电偶极子取向仅沿着$z$方向; 铁磁层自旋磁矩取向为三维空间, 可投影到$x$, $y$, $z$三个方向. 图 1 FE/FM双层膜结构示意图 Figure1. Schematic of the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic double layer film.
无外场作用时, 不同界面耦合情况下, 体系的自发极化和磁化曲线如图2所示. 由于界面耦合系数为正, 铁电层的自发极化强度和铁磁层的自发磁化强度的方向总是相反的. 当温度趋于零温时, 体系的自发极化和磁化趋于饱和. 图 2 自发极化和磁化随温度变化曲线 Figure2. Temperature dependencies of the spontaneous polarization and spontaneous magnetization of the system.