1.Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, China 3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4.School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0400400) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11675197, 11775242).
Received Date:29 August 2018
Accepted Date:18 November 2018
Available Online:01 January 2019
Published Online:20 January 2019
Abstract:In the study of the gas detectors, it is an important calibration method to use the ultraviolet (UV) laser with two-photon ionization mechanism for producing ionized signal. In the last decades, micro pattern gas detector, especially gaseous electron multiplier and micromesh gaseous detector, has been widely used in high energy experiments. These kinds of gaseous detectors have the advantages of higher ion backflow suppression ability, smaller E × B effect and good radiation resistance under the relatively higher count rate environment. To obtain a higher spatial resolution with a UV laser calibration system in gaseous electron multiplier detector, two critical technical issues remain to be resolved: the measurability of the laser signal and the accuracy of the laser beam position. In this paper, the studies in simulation and experiment are conducted to discuss these two critical questions. In the simulation section, the simulation results provide an estimation of signal in the gaseous electron multiplier detector with UV laser of 266 nm wavelength in the mixture working gases of Ar/CO2 (70/30), and give an evaluation of the laser pointing accuracy and the possible relative error of the electron drift velocity. In the experiment section, a UV laser calibration prototype is designed and developed. A pulsed laser of 266 nm wavelength is used as a signal source, which has a Gaussian-like cross section with a frequency of 10 Hz. The experimental results indicate that the signal of the UV laser in a triple gaseous electron multiplier detector reaches 400 mV for a readout strip width of 6 mm, a gain of detector of 5000, and a gain of amplifier of 10 mV/fC. For the calibration laser, the angle accuracy is discussed and tested. The angle uncertainty of the laser can be kept under 5′, and the accuracy of the drift velocity can reach 6.4 × 10?4 with a shift of 0.33 mm in the z direction when the laser beam transmits a distance of 400 mm in the gas chamber. All of these results show that the laser beam specific parameters are the main reference for designing the prototype detector. According to the optimal parameters, a gaseous prototype detector will be tested in the next study. Keywords:micro pattern gaseous detector/ ultraviolet laser/ two-photon ionization
全文HTML
--> --> --> -->
2.1.激光电离信号的估算
普通的激光束具有不同横向模式, 称为多横模激光, 其发散角较大, 平行性较差, 因此激光器出束模式优选为高斯分布(高斯斑为单横模光斑模式), 这种模式仅有基模模式, 其平行性好, 发散角小, 且高斯分布的光斑在气体中发生电离后, 可以给出高斯形式的电荷密度分布. 本实验选用高斯光斑模式激光器进行实验研究. 图 1 高斯光束能量分布 Figure1. Energy profile of the Gaussian laser beam.
图 5 多道能量刻度曲线(a)和55Fe/激光源(266 nm)能谱图(b) Figure5. Calibration curves of multiple channel energy (a) and energy spectra of 55Fe/laser (266 nm) sources (b).