Value and conservation actors of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) from the perspective of rural households
HE Siyuan1, LI Heyao1,2, MIN Qingwen,1,21. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract In heritage protection research, much attention has been paid to community value perception and decision making. Agricultural heritage systems are living heritages and a special kind of protected area managed and conserved by local farmers as the main actor. Farmers’ cognition of the value of heritage can impact their initiative of conservation and the sustainability of the systems. Their value judgment of the heritage also matters to their cultural self-consciousness and reflects conservation effects. This research proposed a contingent valuation method (CVM) based approach to reflect farmers’ value judgement revealed by rural households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation and its influencing factors. This method was tested with the Globally Important Agricultural System (GIAHS) of Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem. The case study showed that (1) the positive willingness to pay was merely 43.2%, and household economic conditions and the perception of heritages had significant effects on rural households’ positive/negative willingness to pay and the choice of payment, respectively; (2) 61.6% of the non-payment respondents regarded heritage conservation a government responsibility; (3) rural households’ perception of heritages scored low with a limited cultural self-consciousness and lack of benefit from conservation. These results revealed that the farmers’ cognition of the heritage value and participation in conservation were still limited although much had been achieved during the protection and development in the heritage site. Therefore, it is necessary to rethink the role of conservation main actors and the way to conserve, so that rural households can have a better understanding of various values of the GIAHS and actively participate in conserving the dynamic and living heritages. This proposed approach was found feasible in studying community value perception and conservation effect. Considering similar rural development issues in protected areas and national park pilots, this research may provide a useful view and method to study community co-management in protected areas. Keywords:Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS);willingness to pay;value perception;main actor of conservation;community;contingent valuation method;Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem
PDF (3619KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 何思源, 李禾尧, 闵庆文. 农户视角下的重要农业文化遗产价值与保护主体. 资源科学[J], 2020, 42(5): 870-880 doi:10.18402/resci.2020.05.06 HE Siyuan, LI Heyao, MIN Qingwen. Value and conservation actors of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) from the perspective of rural households. RESOURCES SCIENCE[J], 2020, 42(5): 870-880 doi:10.18402/resci.2020.05.06
1 引言
随着城镇化快速发展,农村居民在生计驱动下向城镇大量迁移,出现了农业生态系统退化[1]、农村老龄化、农业人口流失等问题,导致传统耕作方式与文化生态面临消亡[2]。联合国粮农组织(FAO)于2002年发起“全球重要农业文化遗产”(Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems,GIAHS)计划,旨在保护世代传承并具有丰富农业生物多样性、完善传统知识与技术体系、独特生态与文化景观的农业生产系统[3,4]。遗产价值核心源自知识系统的积累和活态传承,其价值保存关键在于保持传统人地关系,并促使农户有能力应对变化中的自然与社会经济条件,以保持农业生态系统的完整性与生产力[5]。
条件价值评估法是一种典型的陈述偏好的价值评估方法,利用效用最大化原理,在模拟市场的情况下,直接询问人们对于环境效益或资源保护措施的支付意愿(Willingness to Pay, WTP)或对环境或资源质量损失的接受赔偿意愿(Willingness to Accept, WTA)。本文采用第一种方法,测度农户对保护的支付意愿。对于条件价值法实施过程中的偏差,参考国内外****的研究进行了控制(表1),以获得相对有效、可靠的支付意愿。
Table 1 表1 表1支付意愿的CVM实施中的主要偏差和解决方法 Table 1Possible bias and solutions of contingent valuation method (CVM) for willingness to pay (WTP)
研究人员根据以往研究成果和资料设计预调查问卷,并于2018年4月在兴化市垛田农业文化遗产核心区李中镇、垛田镇和缸顾乡对农民就农业文化遗产的非使用价值认知采用开放式问题格式(Open-ended Question Format, OE)进行调查,发现农民难以理解细化后的价值,农民也认为个人回答需要权衡家庭整体状况。因此对调查问卷内容进行更新,最终调查问卷包含以下内容:
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