Research progress on the evaluation of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction plan implementation
ZHAO Liang1,2, HE Fanneng,11. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract With intensified human activities, natural disasters have become more frequent, and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction have received widespread attention. Recovery and reconstruction planning is an essential public policy to guide post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and the evaluation of its implementation will help ensure the efficient implementation and the sustainable development of disaster areas. This article reviewed the current status of research by analyzing the progress in the assessment of the implementation of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning and provides a basis for the construction of comprehensive assessment techniques. Combined with the analysis of theories, contents, and methods of the implementation evaluation of Chinese and international recovery and reconstruction planning, the authors compared and then summarized the experiences and deficiencies of various types of implementation evaluation. The results show that the current planning and implementation evaluations are mainly based on traditional planning, such as urban planning and land-use planning. Due to the characteristics of frequent natural disasters and social and economic fragility in disaster areas, implementation evaluation faces more challenges. Existing assessment methods mostly use traditional assessment theories and need to be integrated with theories of sustainable development and disaster economics to improve their theoretical systems. The evaluation content focuses more on infrastructure, ecological environment, and other physical aspects, but it needs to pay attention to social equity, cultural protection, and so on. During the evaluation phase, current ways pay more attention to the results rather than the process and impact. Furthermore, there are differences in the evaluation methods at various stages. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative methods need to be comprehensively applied. In the future, we need to design a full-stage evaluation process, build a comprehensive evaluation system, and conduct post-disaster sustainability assessments to improve the scientific nature of assessments. Comprehensively examining the results of the implementation of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning will play an essential role in ensuring the recovery and reconstruction of disaster areas. Keywords:natural disaster;disaster prevention and reduction;post-disaster recovery and reconstruction plan;evaluation;sustainable development
PDF (3316KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 赵亮, 何凡能. 灾后恢复重建规划实施评估研究进展. 资源科学[J], 2020, 42(4): 661-671 doi:10.18402/resci.2020.04.06 ZHAO Liang, HE Fanneng. Research progress on the evaluation of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction plan implementation. RESOURCES SCIENCE[J], 2020, 42(4): 661-671 doi:10.18402/resci.2020.04.06
由于恢复重建规划各阶段评估目标不同使得评估方法存在差异。恢复重建规划实施过程的评估属于动态监测,实施过程会直接影响实施结果,荷兰规划评价学派对实施过程评估进行了深入研究,由于实施过程中不确定性因素导致实施的偏离,多采用指标对比与层次分析的方法去校验偏差并作出规划调整[64]。目前恢复重建规划实施评估多关注对实施结果的分析,Talen[65]认为规划实施结果与规划文本的吻合度分析非常重要,他曾用线性分析的方法评估城市规划方案与实际公共设施可达性的差异,又用回归分析方法评价规划实施的最终效益。Vahanvati[66]以印度地震后15年的古吉拉特邦和洪水灾后7年的比哈尔邦开展规划实施评估,采用案例比较法和混合研究法探索项目长期有效性,并提出一种渐进的灾后住房重建项目管理方式。谢鑫[67]用PIE(The Plan Implementation Evaluation)方法分析规划的审批过程以探究其落实程度,还有指标对比法、空间叠置等方法对于具有约束性质的恢复重建土地利用专项规划与各类详细规划比较适宜。针对规划实施全面评估的方法有模糊综合评价法[68]、德尔菲专家打分法[69]、层次分析法[70]等,此类方法多应用于横向与纵向属性规划,但缺乏对实施过程与实施结果内在关系的研究。。黄承伟等[15]利用访谈法、政策分析法、个案研究法等定性评估方法对汶川地震灾后恢复重建总体规划的社会影响进行评估,由于社会影响相比经济影响难以量化,这些方法可以综合评估恢复重建政策对各类行为的形塑过程与结果的影响。
[ QiuJ, JiangR . Exploration of building a planning system of post-earthquake reconstruction: A case study of Wenchuan earthquake [J]. City Planning Review, 2009, ( 7):11-15.] [本文引用: 1]
[ TangQ, XuY, Dong XH , et al. Appraisal of land resources security in the post-earthquake reconstruction area of Lushan earthquake [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(4):650-663.] [本文引用: 1]
FanZ, JianQ, XiaoH . The planning, organization and management of post-disaster reconstruction of the Lushan earthquake based on the local as the main body [J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2016,30(1):131-144. [本文引用: 1]
LuY, XuJ . The progress of emergency response and rescue in China: A comparative analysis of Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes [J]. Natural Hazards, 2014,74(2):421-444. [本文引用: 1]
[ ShenS, Lin LW, Jiang GX. Theoretical and Empirical Research on Urban and Rural Planning Evaluation[M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2012.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Wang XD, GongJ . The reconstruction of the planning system in the perspective of “Multiple Plan Integration” in China [J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2016, ( 2):88-95.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Fan YD . Future challenges of disaster risk management in China: Interpretation of 《The Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030》 [J]. Disaster Reduction in China, 2015, ( 4):18-21.] [本文引用: 1]
PlattS, SoE . Speed or deliberation: A comparison of post-disaster recovery in Japan, Turkey, and Chile [J]. Disasters, 2017,41(4):696-727. [本文引用: 1]
[ WangD, Zhang WZ, Yu JH , et al. Concept and inspiration from the plans of restoration and reconstruction in foreign countries for areas affected by large-scale natural disasters [J]. Progress in Geography, 2010,29(10):1153-1161.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Wu JD . Critical review on theory and method of natural disaster losses estimation: An economic perspective [J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2018,27(3):190-198.] [本文引用: 2]
[ YangH, Chen GY, Zhuang TH , et al. The effects of meteorological disaster on poverty in special areas of China [J]. Resources Science, 2016,38(4):676-689.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Huang CW, Peng SP. An Evaluation of the Social Impact of the Implementation of the Overall Plan for Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction [M]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2010.] [本文引用: 2]
[ ChenJ, Yang XG, Wang JA . Preliminary study on psychological resilience of survivor after a catastrophe: A case study of 1976 Tangshan earthquake [J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2008,17(1):86-91.] [本文引用: 1]
[ ChenS, Luo GL . Disaster-affected population rebuilding-will and influencing factors Wenchuan earthquake [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010,20(1):55-60.] [本文引用: 1]
[ ZhangJ, Fu YQ . Review on study of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in western countries [J]. Journal of Liaocheng University (Social Science Edition), 2013, ( 4):78-86.] [本文引用: 1]
Haas JE, Kates RW, Bowden MJ. Reconstruction Following Disaster[M]. Cambridge: MIT University Press, 1977. [本文引用: 1]
QuarantelliE L. The Disaster Recovery Process: What We Know and Do Not Know from Research [EB/OL].(2016-08-01) [2019-06-27]. http://dspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/309/PP%20286.pdf?sequence=1&is%20Allowed=y. URL [本文引用: 1]
[ Li CW, Zhang YL. Research on the Policy System of Natural Disaster Emergency Recovery and Reconstruction[M]. Beijing: China Society Press, 2009.] [本文引用: 1]
Bryson KM, MillarH . Using formal MS/OR modeling to support disaster recovery planning [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2002,141(3):679-688. [本文引用: 1]
[ Xie YY . Reflections on planning and evaluation of post-disaster reconstruction in Wenchuan County [J]. Beijing Planning Review, 2012, ( 3):121-126.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Lin LW, ShenS, Jiang GX . Evaluating urban planning implementation: A research review [J]. Planners, 2010,26(3):14-18.] [本文引用: 1]
Lindell MK . Recovery and reconstruction after disaster [J]. Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 2013,8:812-824. [本文引用: 1]
MejriO, MenoniS, MatiasK , et al. Crisis information to support spatial planning in post disaster recovery [J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2017,22:46-61. [本文引用: 1]
[ WuJ, Wang XH . Western planning assessment: Evaluation of theory and methods for reference [J]. City Planning Review, 2013,37(1):90-96.] [本文引用: 1]
Alexander ER . Rationality revisited: Planning paradigms in a post postmodernist perspective [J]. Journal of Planning Education & Research, 2000,19(3):242-256. [本文引用: 1]
LichfieldD. Community Impact Assessment and Planning. The Role of Objectives in Evaluation Design[A]. Voogd H. Recent Developments in Evaluation[M]. Groningen: Geo Press, 2001. [本文引用: 1]
HealeyP. The Communicative Turn in Planning Theory and Its Implication for Spatial Strategy Formation[A]. Fischer F, Forester J. The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning Durham[C]. London: Duke University Press, 1993. [本文引用: 1]
EnshassiA, ChatatT, Von MedingJ , et al. Factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management for housing provision in the Gaza strip, occupied Palestinian territories [J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2017,8(4):402-414. [本文引用: 1]
FaludiA. A Decision-Centred View of Environmental Planning[M]. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987. [本文引用: 1]
Fan MF . Disaster governance and community resilience: Reflections on Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan [J]. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2015,58(1):24-38. DOI:10.1080/09640568.2013.839444URL [本文引用: 1]
HowesM, TangneyP, ReisK , et al. Towards networked governance: Improving interagency communication and collaboration fordisaster risk management and climate change adaptation in Australia [J]. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2015,58(5):757-776. [本文引用: 1]
PeiserR . Does it pay to plan suburban growth? [J]. Journal of the American Planning Association, 1984,50(4):19-33. [本文引用: 1]
[ Xu YL, Tang WX, Wu BJ . Design principle and application of S&T evaluation index system [J]. China Soft Science, 2000, ( 2):48-51.] [本文引用: 1]
MackeeJ, Haugen AsklandH, AskewL . Recovering cultural built heritage after natural disasters [J]. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 2014,5(2):202-212. [本文引用: 1]
KhakeeA . Evaluation and planning: Inseparable concepts [J]. Town Planning Review, 1998,69(4):359-374. [本文引用: 1]
BerkeP, KaiserE. Urban Land Use Planning[M]. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2006. [本文引用: 1]
Treasury HM. The Green Book: Appraisal and Evaluation in Central Government[M]. London: OGL Press, 2003. [本文引用: 1]
Rossi PH, Freeman HE . Evaluation: A Systematic Approach [M]. Newbury Park: Sage, 1993. [本文引用: 1]
FoleyP, HutchinsonJ, FordhamG . Managing the challenge: Winning and implementing the single regeneration budget fund [J]. Planning Practice and Research, 1998,13(1):63-80. [本文引用: 1]
AhmedI, Charlesworth ER . An evaluation framework for assessing resilience of post-disaster housing [J]. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 2015,6(3):300-312. [本文引用: 1]
[ DuJ . Research on the post evaluation of restoring and reconstruction projects after Wenchuan earthquake [J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2009,26(21):156-159.] [本文引用: 2]
[ Yang YQ, Chi BM, Yan JX . Empirical study of post-earthquake reconstruction evaluation frame: The case of Lushan County [J]. Earthquake, 2014,34(3):149-159.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Huang JW, WangD, ZhangR , et al. Quality evaluation for post-earthquake civil building reconstruction based on gray Euclid theory [J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2016,31(1):11-16.] [本文引用: 1]
[ ZhaoY . Study on the Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Planning of Small Towns in Sichuan Province-Take the Tongji in Penzhou, Qiaozhuang in Qingchuan As the Examples [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2010.] [本文引用: 1]
NakamuraH . Political and environmental attitude toward participatory energy and environmental governance: A survey in post-Fukushima Japan [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017,201:190-198. [本文引用: 1]
Lebowitz AJ . Cross-sectional data within 1? Year of the Fukushima meltdown: Effect-size of predictors for depression [J]. Community Mental Health Journal, 2015,52:94-101. [本文引用: 1]
[ Xu JP, WuM, Ma YL . The analysis of status quo and the political suggestions for the newly constructions of communities in Wenchuan post-earthquake [J]. Soft Science, 2008,22(11):76-80.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Liu LX . A Study on the Planning of Public Space in Wenchuan’s Post-Earthquake Reconstruction [D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2015.] [本文引用: 1]
FaludiA . The performance of spatial planning [J]. Planning Practice and Research, 2000,15(4):299-318. [本文引用: 1]
TalenE . After the plans: Methods to evaluate the implementation success of plans [J]. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 1996,16:79-91. [本文引用: 1]
VahanvatiM, MulliganM . A new model for effective post-disaster housing reconstruction: Lessons from Gujarat and Bihar in India [J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2017,35(5):802-817. [本文引用: 1]
[ XieX . Research on Value Influence-Based Implementation Effect Evaluation of Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages Conservation [D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2017.] [本文引用: 1]
TaleaiM, MansourianA . Using Delphi-AHP method to survey major factors causing urban plan implementation failure [J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008,8(15):2746-2751. [本文引用: 1]
NilssonH, NordstromE, OhmanK , et al. Decision support for participatory forest planning using AHP and TOPSIS [J]. Forests, 2016,7(5):1-17. [本文引用: 1]
[ Zhou KH, Jiang JS . A review of urban planning evaluation in the west [J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2013, ( 1):104-109.] [本文引用: 1]
AltermanR, HillM . Implementation of urban land use Plan [J]. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1978,33(3):274-285. [本文引用: 1]
CalkinsW . The planning monitor: An accountability theory of plan evaluation [J]. Environment and Planning A, 1979,11(7):745-758. [本文引用: 1]
Boswell MR, Siembieda WJ, Topping KC . Post-disaster assessment of the performance of hazard mitigation projects: The California SMART approach [J]. Journal of Disaster Research, 2010,5(2):172-179. [本文引用: 1]
[ Zhang MY, Wang KL, Chen HS . Dynamic monitoring and analysis of water and soil erosion in the Karst region based on RS and GIS: A case study in Huanjiang County, Guangxi Province [J]. Resources Science, 2007,29(3):124-131.] [本文引用: 1]
[ ZhuJ, Sun XZ, HeZ . Research on China’s sustainable development evaluation indicators in the framework of SDGs [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2018,28(12):9-18.] [本文引用: 1]