Environmental effects of bidirectional FDI in China
HAN Yonghui1,2, LI Ziwen3, ZHANG Fan1, SHEN Chen,41. Guangdong Institute of International Strategy, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China 2. Institute of World Economy and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China 3. School of Finance and Investment, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou 510521, China 4. School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China
Received:2019-03-25Revised:2019-07-22Online:2019-11-25 作者简介 About authors 韩永辉,男,广东佛山人,博士,副教授,博导,主要研究方向为世界经济与产业政策E-mail:hanyonghui2006@foxmail.com。
摘要 中国外商直接投资(Inward Foreign Direct Investment,IFDI)和对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)(两者简称“双向FDI”)在建设高水平开放型经济战略中有着举足轻重的作用。本文基于中国具备国际直接投资东道国和母国双重身份的现状,以1995—2015年双向FDI和污染物排放的时序数据为样本,使用协整分析、误差修正模型和脉冲响应函数,实证检验中国双向FDI与环境三者的关系。结果显示:①短期内,IFDI能促进环境质量的提升,OFDI则对环境改善体现为抑制效应,双向FDI的综合环境效应为正向;②长期内,IFDI抑制了环境质量的持续提升,而OFDI则有显著的推动环境改善效应,双向FDI的综合环境效应为负向;③从动态冲击看,双向FDI都会将自身所受外部冲击传递至环境质量的变化,IFDI对环境的冲击影响为负向,而OFDI对环境的冲击影响为正向。④区分劳动资源密集型和资本技术密集型产业之后,双向FDI在短期和长期均呈现出较为明显的产业异质性效应。新时代下,厘清双向FDI与环境的关系对中国深化全面对外开放战略、制定“为我所用”的国际投资政策、协同“引进来”和“走出去”发展、实现可持续绿色发展和建设生态文明,具有重要的理论和现实意义。 关键词:外商直接投资;对外直接投资;环境效应;协整分析;误差修正模型;中国
Abstract China’s inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) play an important role in the strategies of building a high level and open economy. Based on the present situation of China’s dual identity as the host country and home country, this study took the time-series data of bidirectional FDI and pollutant emission from 1995 to 2015 as a sample and used threshold cointegration, error correction model, and pulse response function to test the relationship between China’s bidirectional FDI and environment quality. The results show that: (1) In the short term, IFDI promoted the improvement of environment, but OFDI had an inhibitory effect on the environmental improvement; (2) In the long term, IFDI inhibited the continuous improvement of the environment, while OFDI had a significant effect on promoting the environmental improvement; (3) From the perspective of dynamic impact, bidirectional FDI will transfer their external shocks to the change of environment quality, but the response to IFDI is negative, and the response to OFDI is positive. (4) After differentiating labor and resource-intensive industries from capital and technology-intensive industries, bidirectional FDI shows obvious heterogeneous effects across industries in both the short term and the long term. In the new era of development, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the relationship between bidirectional FDI and environment in order for China to deepen the overall opening-up strategy, formulate the international investment policy of “for our use,” coordinate the development of “bringing in” and “going out,” and realize sustainable green development and build ecological civilization. Keywords:inward foreign direct investment (IFDI);outward foreign direct investment (OFDI);environmental effect;cointegration analysis;error correction model;China
PDF (5285KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 韩永辉, 李子文, 张帆, 申晨. 中国双向FDI的环境效应. 资源科学[J], 2019, 41(11): 2043-2058 doi:10.18402/resci.2019.11.08 HAN Yonghui. Environmental effects of bidirectional FDI in China. RESOURCES SCIENCE[J], 2019, 41(11): 2043-2058 doi:10.18402/resci.2019.11.08
1 引言
改革开放以来,中国不断提升对外开放水平,积极实施“引进来”和“走出去”战略,推动中国外商直接投资(Inward Foreign Direct Investment,IFDI)和对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)快速发展,也使中国经济加速融入全球经济。2018年中国的IFDI为1349.7亿美元,占全球IFDI的10.38%,全球排名第二。同年,中国的OFDI为1298.3亿美元,同比增长4.2%①(① 数据来源:联合国数据中心http://data.un.org/和商务部数据库http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/。)。随着“一带一路”倡议深入推进和全方位对外开放新格局的形成,可预期中国国际产能合作将加快发展,双向FDI仍将持续增加。对外开放虽造就了中国经济繁荣,但生态环境却持续恶化,环境污染问题备受重视[1]。就IFDI相关研究而言,部分****认为IFDI增加会加速生态环境的恶化[2,3,4],也有部分****持相反观点,认为IFDI增加能够提升环境质量[5,6,7]。在OFDI方面,学界还是存在不统一的观点,部分****认为中国的OFDI能够降低国内碳排放量,提高环境质量[8,9,10],另一部分****则认为中国OFDI的技术溢出效应较低,增加了碳排放量,降低了环境质量[11,12,13]。一方面,现有文献关于IFDI或OFDI对生态环境的影响作用并没有一致的结论,另一方面,鲜有文献能够考虑到中国双向FDI快速发展的重要特征,没有将双向FDI和生态环境纳入统一的研究框架中。双向FDI与环境质量三者的关系并不清晰,也不利于中国在进一步提升对外开放水平的过程中,制定“为我所用”的国际投资政策,协同“引进来”和“走出去”发展,实现经济可持续发展。当下,国家“十三五”规划再次强调了要建设生态文明,提高环境质量,落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念,实现可持续发展[14]。习总书记更是在十九大报告中提出,要坚决打好污染防治的攻坚战,使全面建成小康社会得到人民认可、经得起历史检验[15]。此时亟待学界研究的是,在双向FDI并重发展的新阶段,厘清不同类型FDI流入和流出对中国生态环境的异质性影响机制。
Table 1 表1 表1各类型IFDI对生态环境质量提升的长、短期效应 Table 1Long-term and short-term effects of inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) on the improvement of environment quality
Table 2 表2 表2各类型OFDI对生态环境质量提升的长、短期效应 Table 2Long-term and short-term effects of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on the improvement of environment quality
Table 4 表4 表4双向FDI与生态环境的相关序列JJ协整检验结果 Table 4JJ cointegration test results of correlation sequence between two-way foreign direct investment (FDI) and ecological environment
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