Transformation of China’s economic development pattern and its environmental effects
SONG Zhouying1,2, YU Yang1,2, LIANG Longwu1,2, WANG Zhenbo,1,21. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract Over the past 40 years, the continuous rapid economic growth in China has led to some serious sustainable development problems, due to the export-oriented development pattern. In order to achieve sustained, stable, and healthy development of the economy, China has accelerated the transformation of economic development pattern. Under this background, this study examined the spatiotemporal structure of transformation of economic development pattern in China and its environmental effects by improving the index of growth model (IGM) indicator system, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and a spatial econometric model. The findings are as follows: (1) The transformation of China’s economic development pattern has achieved remarkable results, with IGM increasing from 0.540 to 0.691. However, this transformation has gone through great fluctuations since 2005, which can be divided into three stages smooth transformation stage, stagnation stage, and accelerated transformation stage. (2) In 2005-2014, most provinces in eastern China attained significant achievements in the transformation of economic development pattern, while the transformation in most provinces of western China were relatively slow. As a result, the spatial differences between provincial IGM kept expanding. (3) The transformation of economic development pattern has positive environmental effects, with significant reduce in energy consumption per unit of GDP, industrial solid wastes produced per unit of GDP, and waste water discharged per unit of GDP. But it has no obvious correlation with the nitrogen oxides emissions per GDP and the consumption of electricity. Keywords:transformation of economic development pattern;spatiotemporal structure;environmental effects;sustainable development;China
PDF (7565KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 宋周莺, 虞洋, 梁龙武, 王振波. 中国经济发展方式的时空演变特征及其环境效应. 资源科学[J], 2019, 41(10): 1886-1896 doi:10.18402/resci.2019.10.11 SONG Zhouying. Transformation of China’s economic development pattern and its environmental effects. RESOURCES SCIENCE[J], 2019, 41(10): 1886-1896 doi:10.18402/resci.2019.10.11
基于此,本文从经济增长、产业结构和社会民生3个维度构建经济发展方式指数(Index of Growth Model, IGM),以此测算2005—2016年中国各省区市的经济发展方式转变态势,运用变差系数分析其省际差异,并通过空间误差和空间滞后模型解析经济发展方式转变的环境效应,以期明确经济发展方式的转变方向和路径。
2 指标体系、数据来源与研究方法
2.1 指标体系与数据来源
2.1.1 指标体系构建
转变经济发展方式是一项需要多学科融合、多组织合作、多维度探索的复杂性系统工程[30],具有时间和空间异质性,评价指标体系也具有显著的地区差异。在构建指标体系时,多数****以目标为导向,以转变经济发展方式的内涵来指导选取指标[31];也有****采取问题导向模式,以经济发展方式存在的主要问题作为构建指标体系的立足点[32]。目前,已有指标体系包含经济增长、产业结构、社会民生等维度。为了全面地评价中国及各省区市经济发展方式的转变进程,本文从经济发展方式的内涵与区域政策出发,借鉴已有的评价指标体系,并考虑到数据的可获性,最终从经济增长、产业结构、社会民生3个维度选取8个指标构成经济发展方式指数(Index of Growth Model, IGM)(表1)。为了横向比较各省(区、市)经济发展方式的转变效益,采用增长率、比重、比值等相对性指标。
Table 1 表1 表1经济发展方式评价指标体系及其权重 Table 1Index of growth model (IGM) and weighting of indicators
[ Guan HM, Zhai MW, Liu DP , et al. Measure and feature analysis of the regional economic development pattern transformation in China [J]. Economic Geography, 2014,34(6):16-24.] [本文引用: 1]
WarrB, AyresR . REXS: A forecasting model for assessing the impact of natural resource consumption and technological change on economic growth [J]. , 2006,17(3):329-378. [本文引用: 1]
KemfertC, Truong TP . WIATEC-The development of a World Integrated Assessment model of Technology-Economy-Climate change for the investigation of the impact of induced technical and behavioural change on the environment [J]. , 2007,30(6):829-837. [本文引用: 1]
Schr?ppelC, MarikoN . The changing interpretation of the flying geese model of economic development [J]. , 2011,14(1):203-236. [本文引用: 1]
Hu CY, Bao BY, Liu CC . A research into the relationship between industrial structure change and agricultural economic growth based on the model of vector auto regression: A case study of Anhui Province [J]. , 2011, ( 6):57-61. [本文引用: 1]
MinW . The role of education in changing the economic growth model [J]. , 2013,11(2):1-20. [本文引用: 1]
[ Guo ZH . How to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode: The case of Zhejiang Province [J]. Journal of Business Economics, 2010, ( 10):85-90.] [本文引用: 1]
[ LingH . The transformation of agricultural economy development mode under the background of low carbon economy: Taking Guangdong as an example [J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2016,37(9):215-219.] [本文引用: 1]
[ XiaoX, Yang XM, Zeng SZ . Labor cost, investment efficiency and the change of China’s industrial economic growth pattern [J]. Finance & Economics, 2017,20(3):40-51.] [本文引用: 1]
Zhang ZX, QiaoX . Low-carbon economy, industrial structure and changes in China’s development mode based on the data of 1996-2009 in empirical analysis [J]. , 2011,5:2025-2029. [本文引用: 1]
[ Sun XL, HeX . An empirical study on the development mode of high efficiency eco-economy under the new normal [J]. The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics, 2015,10(7):39-56.] [本文引用: 1]
Xiao HM, Wang FQ . Circular economy development mode based on system theory [J]. , 2007,5(4):92-96. [本文引用: 1]
LiB, Tong LJ . Vulnerability and sustainable development mode of coal cities in Northeast China [J]. , 2008,18(2):119-126. [本文引用: 1]
LuY . Circular economy development mode of coastal and marine areas in China and its evaluation index research: The example of Qingdao [J]. , 2014,18(2):121-130. [本文引用: 1]
[ DingG, Chen AF . Study on the patterns of spatial association in the layout of the provincial economic development mode transformation of China [J]. East China Economic Management, 2012,26(10):50-53.] [本文引用: 1]
HuangG, OuyangX, XinY . Dynamics of China’s regional carbon emissions under gradient economic development mode [J]. , 2015,51:197-204. [本文引用: 2]
[ YuC . A Research on the Performance Evaluation of the Transformation of Economic Development Pattern, Patterns of Spatial Correlations and Spillover Effects of China Provinces [D]. , 2014.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Wang JY, Li TR . The impact of population changes on economic development in OECD countries [J]. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2018, ( 6):2-16.] [本文引用: 2]
[ Zhang XD, Chi TH . Differentiating and analysis of the coordination degree between economic development and environment of provinces (regions)in China [J]. Geographical Research, 2001,20(4):506-515.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Li FZ, Zhao CL . Changing power of China’s economic development mode and its pathway [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2016,26(2):152-162.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Bai JH, Lv XH . FDI quality and China’s economic development mode shift [J]. Journal of Financial Research, 2017, ( 5):47-62.] [本文引用: 1]
FengL, Yu YD . “Double surplus” capability gaps and innovation: A macro-and a micro-perspective on the transformation of the Chinese mode of economic development [J]. , 2013,34(3):76-100. [本文引用: 1]
[ Wang GY, LiuJ . Coordinating evaluation of water resources environment and economic development based on improved water ecological footprint: A case study of central plains urban agglomeration [J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2019,28(1):80-90.]
[ He AP, Zhang ZM . The political and economic interpretation of the transformation of economic development mode under the constraints of resources and environment [J]. Social Sciences in Heilongjiang, 2013, ( 4):50-54.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Shi HB . Performance evaluation and regional difference analysis of transforming economic development mode: Taking Liaoning Province as an example [J]. Research on Financial and Economic Issues, 2011, ( 9):124-128.] [本文引用: 1]
[ He JL, ZhangK, Tang WB . Evaluation of the transformation process of China’s economic development mode [J]. Economic Perspectives, 2012, ( 10):17-26.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Ma QW, Ren BP . Research on the performance evaluation and influencing factors of China’s economic development mode transformation [J]. Economist, 2010, ( 11):58-65.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Bai JH, NieL . Energy efficiency, environmental pollution and the transformation of China’s economic development mode [J]. Journal of Financial Research, 2018, ( 10):1-18.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Yao ZC . Process evaluation and path exploration of regional economic development: Based on the empirical data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt 11 province from 2003 to 2015 [J]. Economic Geography, 2018,38(3):46-52.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Li LL, Zhang YH . The construction of evaluation index system and primary assessment of the transformation of China’s economic development pattern [J]. China Industrial Economics, 2011, ( 4):54-63.] [本文引用: 1]
[ National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2005-2016[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018.] [本文引用: 1]
[ National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China Industry Economy Statistical Yearbook 2006-2015[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2016.] [本文引用: 1]
[ National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China Statistics Yearbook on High Technology Industry 2006-2017[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018.] [本文引用: 1]
[ National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China Energy Statistical Yearbook 2006-2017[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Wu YM . A spatial econometric model and its application to research &development and regional innovation [J]. The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics, 2006,23(5):74-85.] [本文引用: 1]
Grossman GM, Krueger AB . Economic growth and the environment [J]. , 1995,110(2):353-377. [本文引用: 1]
[ Ding LL, WuQ . The impact of industrial land input on economic growth under environmental restraints in China: Analysis based on the Green Solow Model [J]. Resources Science, 2017,39(4):620-628.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Wang ML . Exploring the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in China based on simultaneous equations and state-space model [J]. Management Review, 2016,28(7):75-84.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Wang LP, LiuM, LiR , et al. Robust factors affecting China’s sulfur dioxide pollution:Empirical analysis based on spatial panel data of EBA model [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015,35(8):2362-2369.] [本文引用: 1]
[ ZhouX, SunH . The industrial wastewater emissions and economic growth in regional differentiation in China [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2013,27(12):15-19.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Shen WN, FukumotoK, Zhang HM . Research on environmental inequality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions of industrial soot(dust) emission [J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2016,41(6):221-225.] [本文引用: 1]