Surface runoff changes and their causes in the Russian pan-Arctic Region
WANG Guan1,2, CHEN Hanru3, WANG Ping,1, WANG Tianye1,2, YU Jingjie1,2, LIU Changming1, YANG Linsheng41. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3. College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China 4. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
Received:2019-10-10Revised:2019-12-15Online:2020-02-25 作者简介 About authors 王冠,女,河南新乡人,博士生,研究方向为生态水文E-mail:wangg.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn。
摘要 本文利用The Global Runoff Data Base (GRDB)和The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO)地表径流数据研究了1930年以来的俄罗斯环北极地区六大河流地表径流变化规律,并综述了气候变化和人类活动对地表径流的影响,为进一步科学理解气候变化和人类活动背景下的俄罗斯环北极地区的径流变化规律,进行水资源合理开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明:①北德维纳河、伯朝拉河、鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河和科雷马河年径流量分别以每年1.53 m 3/s、7.27 m 3/s、15.37 m 3/s、19.59 m 3/s、38.41 m 3/s、21.15 m 3/s的速率呈增加趋势。径流的年内分布特征表现为春季和夏季的洪峰流量降低,冬季径流量增加,径流年内分配趋向更加均匀。②径流量的年际变化主要受气候变化影响,人类活动对大部分地区的年径流量影响不大,气候变化和人类活动两大因素共同驱动改变了径流的年内分布特征。研究结论对深入理解气候变化影响下的北极河流径流变化、探讨一带一路背景下的跨界水资源合作开发,以及制定北极变化的减缓和适应对策具有一定参考价值。 关键词:地表径流;气候变化;人类活动;环北极地区;俄罗斯
Abstract Using the surface runoff data from the Global Runoff Data Base (GRDB) and the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO), this study analyzed the surface runoff variation characteristics of the six major river basins in the pan-Arctic region of Russia since 1930, and summarized the impacts of climate change and human activities on the surface runoff. The results provide a theoretical basis to further the scientific understanding of the runoff changes in the Arctic region of Russia under the background of climate change and increasing human activities, and for the rational development and utilization of water resources in the region. The results show that the annual runoff of the Severnaja Dvina, Pechora, Ob, Yenisei, Lena, and Kolyma Rivers increased at a rate of 1.53 m 3/s, 7.27 m 3/s, 15.37 m 3/s, 19.59 m 3/s, 38.41 m 3/s, and 21.15 m 3/s, respectively. The seasonal distribution characteristics of runoff are characterized by a decrease in flood peak flow during spring and summer, and an increase in runoff during winter. Seasonal distribution of surface runoff tended to be more even during the year. The change in annual runoff is mainly affected by climate change. In contrast, human activities have little effect on annual runoff in most areas. The two dominant factors, climate change and human activities, jointly drive the change in the annual distribution of runoff. Annual runoff of these rivers has increased as a result of global warming, while the annual distribution of runoff tends to be uniform under the combined effects of climate change and human activities. Keywords:surface runoff;climate change;human activities;pan-Arctic region;Russia
PDF (11111KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 王冠, 陈涵如, 王平, 王田野, 于静洁, 刘昌明, 杨林生. 俄罗斯环北极地区地表径流变化及其原因. 资源科学[J], 2020, 42(2): 346-357 doi:10.18402/resci.2020.02.13 WANG Guan, CHEN Hanru, WANG Ping, WANG Tianye, YU Jingjie, LIU Changming, YANG Linsheng. Surface runoff changes and their causes in the Russian pan-Arctic Region. RESOURCES SCIENCE[J], 2020, 42(2): 346-357 doi:10.18402/resci.2020.02.13
本文所使用的环北极地区地表径流数据来源于The Global Runoff Data Base (GRDB,https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/Home/homepage_node.html)和The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory(ArcticGRO,http://www.arcticgreatrivers.org)。GRDB数据库建立于1988年,目前已包含了全球超过9500多个水文站点的径流数据,包括日径流数据和月径流数据,时间跨度为1806年至今,该数据在环北极流域的径流过程研究中得到广泛应用[23,24]。ArcticGRO建立于1990年代中期,是一个涵盖北冰洋流水文、生态、地球化学变化方面相关资料的综合数据库[25]。
由于GRDB和ArcticGRO覆盖的时间序列不同,本文将两套数据进行一致性检验,并融合成一套完整时间序列的数据集。利用两套数据在1999—2015年的重叠数据进行检验,发现数据之间有很强的相关性(0.95 < R < 1),其相对误差较小(0.0018 < δ < 0.27),两套径流数据具有高度一致性。因此本文选取GRDB数据库1930—1998年日径流数据和ArcticGRO数据库1999—2018年月径流数据,获得1930—2018年北德维纳河、伯朝拉河、鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河和科雷马河月径流数据。
Table 2 表2 表2俄罗斯环北极地区6条主要河流四季及年均径流变化与变差系数 Table 2Seasonal and annual average runoff trends of the six main rivers in the Russian Arctic area and coefficients of variation
Table 3 表3 表3俄罗斯环北极地区6条主要河流1930—1959年、1960—1989年、1990—2018年3个时段年内分配百分比 Table 3Annual distribution of runoff of the six main rivers in the Russian Arctic area and coefficients of variation during 1930-1959, 1960-1989, and 1990-2018
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