DUWenpeng1,2,3,, YANHuimin1,3,4,, YANGYanzhao1,3,4 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China2. College of Earth Science and Resources, Chang-an University, Xi’an 710054, China;3. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China4. Key Laboratory of Assessment of Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 101149, China 通讯作者:通讯作者:闫慧敏,E-mail:yanhm@igsnrr.ac.cn 收稿日期:2018-01-24 修回日期:2018-04-28 网络出版日期:2018-05-10 版权声明:2018《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)资助(XDA19040301)国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503505)西藏重大科技专项(Z2016C01G01) 作者简介: -->作者简介: 杜文鹏,男,山东烟台人,硕士生,研究方向为资源环境承载力与生态系统服务。E-mail:duwenpeng7028@163.com
关键词:自然资源资产负债表;表式结构;自然资源资产;负债核算 Abstract Exploring and compiling natural resource asset balance sheet can ease the contradiction between economic growth and resource utilization and help realize sustainable utilization, social-economic sustainable development and ecological civilization construction. However, natural resource asset balance sheets are new concepts proposed in China and there are many obstacles. In this article we illuminate research on natural resource asset balance sheets from documentary years, authors, research institutions and contents by analyzing 295 studies p[ublished in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017. We elaborated the research status and achievements of natural resource asset balance sheets from theoretical research, methodological research and practical research, illuminating the directions and key issues of natural resource balance sheets in the future. Our research results show that research into natural resource asset balance sheets is at an initial stage; relevant theories and methods are faulty; and interdisciplinary research and obvious cooperative research are common. The accounting method and tabular structure of natural resource asset balance sheets are research hotspots, and the basic framework of the technical system has been formed. However, fundamental theoretical research of natural resource asset balance sheets is lacking and fundamental theoretical research, liabilities definition and accounting research, natural resources assets and liabilities valued research will dominate future work.
本文以“资源”与“负债表”作为组合检索词,按主题在“中国知网”期刊库、特色期刊库、国内会议库、国际会议库和学术辑刊库内检索2014年1月1日至2017年12月31日收录的文献,共得到440篇文章,人工删除内容不相关、重复、征文启事、通知公告等文献,最终剩295篇文章。 从“中国知网”收录的295篇相关文章的时间、作者、研究单位、载文期刊以及研究内容的分布上来看(见图1和表1): 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1自然资源资产负债表研究概况 -->Figure 1The conditions of natural resources asset balance sheet research -->
Table 1 表1 表1自然资源资产负债表高频作者及所属单位、科研机构、载文期刊统计 Table 1The high frequency authors, their organizations, research institutions and academic journals of natural resources asset balance sheet
可持续发展理论、产权理论、资产价值化理论、环境会计理论、资源环境经济理论等被****视为编制自然资源资产负债表的基础理论,现阶段自然资源资产负债表编制研究工作处于起步阶段,理论基础研究应是当前的研究重点,但对理论基础研究的文章却不多。从现阶段具有代表性的自然资源资产负债表编制理论基础研究的文章所采用的基础理论及其主要研究成果可以看出(见表2):目前对自然资源资产负债表编制理论基础的研究多从某一个或几个理论展开,理论基础研究不够系统全面,且不同****基于不同理论对自然资源资产负债表构成要素、核算方法和表式结构进行研究,导致研究结果存在差异,不利于制定标准化和规范化的自然资源资产负债表编制方法体系。 Table 2 表2 表2自然资源资产负债表编制理论基础研究代表性文章总结 Table 2Summary of the representative articles on the theoretical foundation of the balance sheet of natural resource
自然资源资产负债表是中国近期提出的全新概念,经历过盲人摸象般的初级探索阶段,目前已经对负债表构成要素、核算方法和表式结构有了宏观认知,已经过渡到了对自然资源资产负债表结构要素(如资产与负债内涵的解析)与机理(如各类资源利用过程中如何形成负债)的争鸣与探讨,认识到了从体系设计到实践应用的核心问题所在,正在进入对负债表编制关键科学问题和核算技术开展深入剖析的新阶段。本文通过对2014年1月1日至2017年12月31日“中国知网”收录的围绕“自然资源资产负债表”为研究核心的295篇文章进行分析,总结得出以下负债表编制研究进展现状与展望: (1)自然资源资产负债表编制技术体系的基础框架已经形成。探索编制自然资源资产负债表构想一经提出就迅速引起了相关领域****的高度重视,短短3年内有227篇文章从自然资源学、会计学、统计学等多学科交叉的角度聚焦自然资源资产负债表编制研究,重点探讨负债表编制理论基础、构成要素、核算方法、表式结构、实践研究等方面。其中围绕自然资源资产负债表构成要素、核算方法和表式结构研究的文章分别为79篇、70篇和61篇,是目前自然资源资产负债表编制研究的重点。基于这些研究,目前学界对负债表编制技术体系的主流观点已经初步形成,即自然资源资产负债表编制基本遵从“实物和价值并重、数量和质量并重、存量和流量并重、加法与减法结合、分类与综合结合、科学与实用结合”六项基本技术原则。同时也体现出目前自然资源资产负债表编制的方法论及框架体系还处于探讨期的特点,即对自然资源资产负债表编制理论基础的研究十分匮乏,现阶段学术界还未形成统一的自然资源资产负债表编制的理论基础和方法体系。 (2)界定资源耗减程度对资源可持续利用的影响是负债核算的关键。自然资源资产负债是由于核算主体以往的经营活动、意外事故或预期可能发生的事项导致自然资源的净损失及其对环境、生态造成的影响,包括资源过度消耗、环境损害与生态破坏三方面内容。自然资源资产负债核算中,自然资源资产负债是自然资源消耗还是“过度”消耗的部分是学术界对负债内涵讨论的焦点之一。在自然资源资产负债三方面中,因资源减少带来的环境损害与生态破坏已经为众多****所关注,而资源耗减程度对资源可持续利用的影响并没有深入的研究。资源利用是人类生存发展之所需,自然资源资产负债是指由于社会生产活动导致的自然资源过度消耗使环境遭到破坏后,需要进行资源恢复和环境治理所付出的代价;因此,确定自然资源合理使用的阈值范围是进行自然资源负债核算的理论基础,对自然资源过度消耗的准确度量是当下迫切需要探索的重要内容。 (3)自然资源资产与负债价值化研究将贯穿负债表编制始终。目前针对自然资源资产负债表编制的相关研究主要聚焦于自然资源资产与负债实物量的界定、分类、统计与核算等方面,对自然资源资产与负债价值量核算仍沿用自然资源核算中的价值化方法,如市场法、代替法、支付意愿法、成本法、模糊数学法、影子价格法等。自然资源核算价值化方法尚不成熟,存在着理论不统一、没有规范标准等问题;沿用传统的价值化方法编制自然资源资产负债表,存在着各类自然资源资产价值量不具备可加性,自然资源价值量核算结果无法用于领导干部自然资源资产离任审计等一系列弊端。自然资源资产与负债价值化方法研究一直是学术界研究的重难点问题,想要达到自然资源资产负债表编制的目的,发挥其对生态文明建设与社会经济持续发展的监督与促进作用,就必须在负债表编制过程中不断完善和发展自然资源资产与负债价值化理论与方法。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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