Spatial analysis of the relationship between urban land price and urbanization rate:an empirical study of 80 counties in Hubei
YANGShengfu1,2,, HUShougeng1,2,3,, QUShijin1,2 1. School of Public Administration,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China2. Key Laboratory of Legal Assessment Project,Ministry of Land and Resources,Wuhan 430074,China3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 通讯作者:通讯作者:胡守庚,E-mail:husg2009@gmail.com 收稿日期:2016-09-10 修回日期:2016-12-9 网络出版日期:2017-02-25 版权声明:2017《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(41671518)教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(14YJCZH192)博士后基金项目(2014T70115) 作者简介: -->作者简介:杨剩富,男,贵州黄平人,博士生,主要研究方向为城市土地经济。E-mail:yangsf2049@126.com
关键词:城镇化;商业地价;住宅地价;工业地价;空间分布;湖北省 Abstract This paper aims to study the spatial distribution characteristics between urbanization and land value. This work will help promote rational land price competition for adjacent towns and coordinate the development of regional urbanization. We discussed the spatial characteristics of commercial,residential and industrial land price of 80 cities in Hubei,China,which is functioned by the coordinated development of the Wuhan urban agglomeration. Geographically weighted regression (GWR)analysis was conducted. The relationship between urbanization rate and land price was explored in detail. The result showed that the distribution of commercial and residential land prices has spatial differences and weak concentration,but the differences are relatively small and weakly discrete for the industrial land price. Instead of showing a consistent relationship among different cities and corresponding relationships with the economy,the regional distribution of relationships between urbanization and land price shows obvious spatial differentiation. The positive influences of urbanization on commercial land price in a descending order were: central Hubei, east Hubei and west Hubei. Urbanization had a positive influence on residential land price in the east Hubei than west Hubei,but a significantly negative influence occurred in west Hubei. The positive influence degree of urbanization on industrial land price was the east Hubei, central Hubei and west Hubei. Therefore,under the background of rapid urbanization,government regulators should strengthen cohesion between central cities and surrounding areas to guide the agglomeration and distribution of population, which will improve the coordinated development of urbanization between the Wuhan megalopolis and eco-tourism and cultural circles in Western Hubei. Furthermore, on account of the regional disparity of east, central and west Hubei, we should attach great importance to the leverage of land price during urbanization, regulate and control precisely in different land use types and curb improper competition in land price.
Keywords:urbanization;commercial land price;residential land price;industrial land price;spatial distribution;Hubei -->0 PDF (4855KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 杨剩富, 胡守庚, 瞿诗进. 城市地价与城镇化水平空间分布关系——基于湖北省80个县(市、区)的测度研究[J]. , 2017, 39(2): 325-334 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2017.02.14 YANGShengfu, HUShougeng, QUShijin. Spatial analysis of the relationship between urban land price and urbanization rate:an empirical study of 80 counties in Hubei[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(2): 325-334 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2017.02.14
研究通过变异系数(公式(2))和空间自相关指数(公式(3))测度各城镇地价水平的变异程度和集聚情况(表1),发现商业、住宅、工业地价的变异系数分别为1.194、1.012、0.496,表现了湖北省商业和住宅地价空间差异较大,工业地价空间差异相对较小;其Moran’s I分别为0.025、0.053、-0.037,说明湖北省商业和住宅地价呈微弱的集聚分布,工业地价呈微弱的离散分布。以上空间分异是进行地价空间非平稳性探索的基础。同时,地价作为观察宏观经济的重要指标,一定程度上体现地区经济发展水平;而区域经济、社会发展水平、区位交通等差异条件则会影响土地价格的空间分布。因此,研究将结合具体指标并重点探讨城镇化率与地价的空间作用关系。 Table 1 表1 表1不同用地类型地价空间差异 Table 1The space differences of different land (元/m2)
类型
商业地价
住宅地价
工业地价
变异系数(V)
1.194
1.012
0.496
空间自相关指数(Moran’s I)
0.025
0.053
-0.037
新窗口打开 基于大尺度研究单元因素选取时的科学性和可获取化性考虑,本研究对比并借鉴相关研究成果[5,6,26],甄别区域商业、住宅、工业用地的土地利用特征和社会经济内涵,通过多重共线性(VIF)及空间异质性(DIFF of Criterion)分析,筛选了各类地价的直接或间接影响因素(表2)。指标体系中绝大部分指标含义明确,其中城镇化率指城镇人口占总人口比例(人口数据均采用常住人口);年度年客运/货运运输量,包括铁路、公路、水运、民航的客运/货运总量。 Table 2 表2 表2城镇地价主要影响因素指标体系及统计量 Table 2Factors index system and statistics of urban land price
在快速城镇化过程中,“城外”农用地的非农转换及“城内”城镇用地的集约利用是导致区域土地升值的直接诱因,但是否城镇化率越高,地价越高?亦或呈相反的统计关系?相关研究对此问题虽有涉及[38,39],但主要从全局角度讨论,缺乏局部空间分布关系分析。研究借助GIS软件对各城市的城镇化率观测值和GWR模型估计参数进行空间可视化,得到城镇化率空间分布图1,以及商业、住宅和工业地价与城镇化率系数的关系图2-图4,以此从人口集聚的角度分析城镇化因素与地价的局部空间作用关系。 3.2.1 商业地价与城镇化率作用关系 从图2发现,城镇化水平回归系数均为正值,说明城镇化水平对城市商业地价的影响均为正相关关系,即城镇化水平越高,商业地价值越高。其中城镇化对地价影响较大的县域分布在随州、荆门、天门、仙桃、潜江以及监利县等地,其次是武汉、鄂州、黄冈、咸宁等地区,而影响较小的县域主要集中在十堰地区以及老河口市、谷城县、保康县、兴山县、秭归县、巴东县和利川市。以上趋势说明了城镇化对城市商业地价的正向作用表现为:鄂中地区>鄂东地区>鄂西地区。此关系在一定程度上揭示了各县域商业活动对土地的需求度表现为中部高东西部低的变化趋势。导致这种趋势的原因可能有:整体呈“中间高两边低”和以“一主两副”城市为中心向次级城市逐渐递减的湖北省城镇化水平空间分布(图1),决定了其对商业地价影响的边际作用差异;同时,江汉平原地区在武汉城市圈发展推动下,道路网络系统发展快速、城市人口流动迅速等因素导致商业地价对城镇化率变化的敏感度更高。 在城市化进程中,大量的农村人口涌入城市进行商业活动。商业活动竞争随着人口的快速集聚而不断增大,从而优质商业用地的需求量不断增大,地价升高。从单个城市尺度上看,商业用地受区域交通便捷度、商服繁华程度、人口集聚度等要素的影响在三类用地类型中最为敏感,城市中心地带的用地紧缺致使的土地增值亦最为剧烈。从区域尺度上看,城市间不同的基础设施完善程度将会导致其土地价格的差异[39]。而商业地价与城镇化系数的相关性强弱则可反映在城镇化过程中居民在购买、销售及交换等商业活动中对土地的需求度,是城镇化进程中商业发展的重要指标。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图12013年湖北省城镇化率空间分布 -->Figure 1The spatial distribution of urbanization rate of Hubei in 2013 -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图22013年湖北省城镇化率与商业地价边际作用的空间变化 -->Figure 2Spatial distribution of marginal effect from urbanization rate on commercial land price of Hubei in 2013 -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图32013年湖北省城镇化率与住宅地价边际作用的空间变化 -->Figure 3Spatial distribution of marginal effect from urbanization rate on residential land price of Hubei in 2013 -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图42013年湖北省城镇化率与工业地价边际作用的空间变化 -->Figure 4Spatial distribution of marginal effect from urbanization rate on industrial land price of Hubei in 2013 -->
鉴于湖北省地价空间分布特征和城镇化发展的梯度变化可以发现,在省域城镇地价管理时,加强中心城镇地价与周边城镇地价的衔接,引导人口的集聚和分流,推进武汉城市圈、鄂西生态文化旅游圈等经济体内的城市地价管理,将有利于达到经济发展的同时稳步推进城镇化进程的目的。同时,应该注重地价在城镇化进程中的杠杆作用,结合鄂东、鄂中、鄂西地域差异,分用途实施精准调控,遏制不正当地价竞争: (1)对于商业用地,遏制武汉一支独大的发展模式,注重同城化效应,加快武汉城市圈及襄阳、宜昌等中心城市建设,推进次级城市的城镇化进程,有效抑制地价的局部过快上涨。 (2)对于住宅用地,推进各县域的就地城镇化,缓解中心城市供应压力,降低房地产开发成本,提高居民住房支付能力,稳步提升区域人口城镇化过程。 (3)对于工业用地,限制鄂东和鄂中平原地区以低地价招商引资、闲置或低效利用土地等不可持续的发展模式,在工业用地集约利用评价工作基础上,积极推进工业用地退出机制,尤其是鄂州市、黄石市、大冶市等资源枯竭型城市的产业结构调整,落实供给侧改革,谋求转型发展。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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