Factors affecting Chinese urban household energy consumption and spatial differences based on static panel data modelling for eight regions
LIUManzhi, LIUXianxian School of Management,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China 收稿日期:2016-07-7 修回日期:2016-09-26 网络出版日期:2016-12-20 版权声明:2016《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2014M551708)江苏省社会科学基金项目(15JD037)江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目(2015SJD435) 作者简介: -->作者简介:刘满芝,女,江苏徐州人,博士,副教授,研究方向为能源经济与管理、营销工程。liumanzhi@cumt.edu.cn
关键词:城镇生活能源消费;消费支出;能源价格;节能政策;静态面板数据模型;中国 Abstract Exploring the factors that influence urban household energy consumption provides a basis for the reasonable energy consumption of urban residents in China. Based on eight regions in China (Beijing-Tianjin region,northeast region,northern coastal region,southern coastal region,eastern coastal region,central region,southwest region,northwest region)we establish a static panel data model to analyze the impact of actual consumption expenditure,energy price and energy saving policy on the energy consumption of urban residents from 2000 to 2013. We found a long-term cointegration relationship between urban household energy consumption and actual consumption,energy prices and energy saving policy. Energy price has the greatest negative effect on the energy consumption of urban residents. Actual consumption expenditure has a significant positive effect on household energy consumption,and its growth rate is greater than urban household energy consumption. The lag period of energy saving policy is two years,in other words,energy saving policy has a certain effect on household energy consumption after two years but the effect is small. Due to the level of economic development,household energy is mainly used in heating and cooling (climate becomes a key factor influencing residential energy consumption)and the effects of energy saving policy,actual consumption expenditure and energy price on household energy consumption show spatial differences. Since the level of economic development and energy saving policy both play an important role in household energy consumption,we should reduce urban household energy consumption by adjusting the structure of household consumption expenditure,increasing the price of energy,and strengthening advocacy and implementation of energy saving policy.
Keywords:urban household energy consumption;consumption expenditure;energy price;policy;static panel data model;China -->0 PDF (1378KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 刘满芝, 刘贤贤. 中国城镇居民生活能源消费影响因素及其效应分析——基于八区域的静态面板数据模型[J]. , 2016, 38(12): 2295-2306 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.12.09 LIUManzhi, LIUXianxian. Factors affecting Chinese urban household energy consumption and spatial differences based on static panel data modelling for eight regions[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(12): 2295-2306 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2016.12.09
为更深入地对中国不同区域间的差异进行比较,本文按照国家信息中心2005年发布的《中国区域间投入产出表》[40]的划分方法,将中国大陆31个省、直辖市、自治区划分为八大区域。划分结果为:东北区域,包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁;京津区域,包括北京、天津;北部沿海区域,包括河北、山东;东部沿海区域,包括江苏、上海、浙江;南部沿海区域,包括福建、广东、海南;中部区域,包括山西、河南、安徽、湖北、湖南、江西;西北区域,包括内蒙古、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆;西南区域,包括四川、重庆、广西、云南、贵州、西藏。需要说明的是,由于数据获取困难,本次研究不包括香港、台湾和澳门。为探讨生活能源消费影响因素并分析八大区域间差异,选取2000-2013年间的城镇居民实际消费支出、能源价格和生活能源消费相关政策年度数据作为影响变量。城镇居民生活能源消费总量由地区能源平衡表中的各省份城镇生活能耗数据计算而得,该数据来源于2001-2014年各年度的《中国能源统计年鉴》[41];实际消费支出总量由全国居民分地区人均消费支出、分地区年末城镇人口比重、分地区年末人口数三个指标计算而得,CPI为分地区城市居民消费价格指数,以上指标数据均来自于2001-2014年各年度《中国统计年鉴》[42];能源价格由全国燃料类城市商品零售价格指数表示,该数据来源于国家统计局网站。各变量度量及处理方式如下: (1)城镇生活能源消费量。将《中国能源统计年鉴》[41]中生活能源消费的各项能源品种消费量折算成标煤的方法计算出2000-2013年中国29个省份(直辖市、自治区)城镇生活能源消费的总量[43],记为UEC(万tce)。由于宁夏、西藏自治区、香港澳门特别行政区以及台湾地区数据难以获得,因此将5个地区剔除以保证数据的可比性与连贯性。 (2)城镇居民实际消费支出。居民消费支出才是当期实际发生的货币支出[21],因此用城镇居民实际消费支出总量指标来衡量城镇居民实际消费支出对生活能源消费的影响。为保证不同年份数据的可比性,实际消费支出以2000年为基期,利用分地区每年居民消费价格指数CPI折算成实际值,记为UC(亿元)。 (3)能源价格。能源价格的提高会增加居民的用能成本。目前由于中国能源价格数据难以获得,有****运用燃料、动力购进价格指数或燃料、动力消费价格指数来代替[44,45]。而本文研究的是城镇居民生活能源消费问题,因此采用燃料类城市商品零售价格指数来代替能源价格,并将其换算成以2000年为基期的不变值,记为PR。 (4)节能政策。政策通过外部调控和内部引导两个方面影响居民能源消费观念继而影响居民生活能耗[46]。政府主要通过经济型政策(财政补贴、税收减免等激励政策和价格提高、增加税收等抑制政策)和信息型政策(知识普及、信息传达、宣传教育等)激励居民实施节能行为。近年来中国颁布了多项针对居民领域的节能政策措施,2000-2013年居民领域重要节能政策如表1所示,记为PO。本文对节能政策主观赋值进行量化,因此政策为无量纲变量。 2000-2013年虽然颁布了很多生活能源消费相关政策,但是有些政策覆盖范围和影响力都很有限。表1所列年份颁布的政策均十分显著地影响了中国城镇居民的用能习惯、改变了城镇居民的生活能源消费量,而且实施范围均覆盖至全国,因此将颁布这些政策的年份赋值为1,其他年份赋值为0。对居民消费支出做价格平减后,为了降低数据的波动性以及消除可能存在的异方差现象,除节能政策外对所有数据作对数处理分别记为LUEC、LUC、LPR、PO。 Table 1 表1 表12000-2013年中国居民领域重大节能政策[47] Table 1Major energy saving policies in China's residential areas from 2000 to 2013
本文仅对节能政策进行0~1虚拟量化处理,而未深入分析各类节能政策覆盖范围、效力大小的差异,对影响城镇居民生活能源消费的因素主要考虑了实际消费支出、能源价格和节能政策,而本文结论中指出经济发展水平、气候条件等将间接影响生活能源消费量,此外各区域的能源资源禀赋情况、收入预期可能也对生活能源消费产生一定影响,以上方面作者将在今后开展深入研究。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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