刘海浩^1,2,,
丁拼搏^1,2,,,
李向阳^1,2
1. 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249
2. CNPC物探重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41804105）和国家科技重大专项（2017ZX05018005）联合资助


详细信息

作者简介: 刘海浩, 男, 1991年生, 主要从事裂缝介质地震响应特征模拟分析以及裂缝预测方法研究.E-mail: haihaoliu@qq.com

通讯作者: 丁拼搏, 男, 1988年生, 主要从事地震物理模型、岩石物理、地震各向异性研究.E-mail: dingpinbo@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: P631

收稿日期:2020-05-04
修回日期:2021-06-12
上线日期:2021-08-10

Physical modeling of seismic responses in thin interbedded reservoirs with horizontal fractures

LIU HaiHao^1,2,,
DING PinBo^1,2,,,
LI XiangYang^1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical Exploration, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China


More Information

Corresponding author: DING PinBo,E-mail:dingpinbo@cup.edu.cn

MSC: P631

--> Received Date: 04 May 2020
Revised Date: 12 June 2021
Available Online: 10 August 2021


摘要
摘要:油气储层之中常存在沿层理发育的水平裂缝，并对储层特性有着不可忽视的影响.水平裂缝与层理平行，使得裂缝的地震响应与层理的地震响应互相混叠，给水平缝的地震识别带来了困难.本文利用地震物理模拟技术，模拟并分析了含水平裂缝的薄互层储层地震响应特征，为水平裂缝的地震识别提供依据.首先设计并制作了用于模拟含水平裂缝的薄互层储层物理模型，模型采用了在均匀地层中嵌入裂缝单元的模拟方式，水平裂缝单元采用片状孔隙材料叠合法构建，即利用粘合剂将片状孔隙材料粘合胶结，然后压实固化进而获得用于模拟野外含裂缝岩石的裂缝单元.然后将物理模型置于水槽内，模拟采集了4条二维纵波地震测线，并对地震数据进行了处理分析.模拟数据处理分析结果显示，本研究的模拟方法可以较好地模拟水平裂缝的地震响应特征.此外，本研究还对处理结果进行了时频分解，讨论并分析了含水平缝薄互层储层地震响应频变特征.研究表明，薄互层储层中发育的水平裂缝可以明显的引起时频谱的异常，但是这种异常受到薄互层调谐效应和裂缝的双重制约.因此无论进行薄层解释还是裂缝预测时，必须综合考虑调谐效应与裂缝的双重影响.对于含水平缝薄互层储层的频变AVO（振幅随偏移距变化，Amplitude Variation with Offset）特征而言，尽管薄互层产生的频变特征起主导作用，但是裂缝的发育以及裂缝参数的变化可以引起频变AVO特征的显著变化，该结果说明了利用频变AVO特征识别水平裂缝的可行性.
关键词: 物理模型/
薄互层/
水平缝/
频变AVO

Abstract:Oil and gas reservoirs usually contain horizontal fractures that develop along bedding and have a non-negligible effect on reservoir characteristics. When the horizontal fracture is parallel to the bedding, the seismic response of the fracture overlaps with that of the bedding, making it difficult to identify the horizontal crack. In this paper, the physical modelling technology is used to simulate the seismic response of thin interbedded reservoirs with horizontal fractures, thus providing a basis for the seismic identification of such cracks. First, a physical model is constructed by embedding fractured media into uniform strata. The horizontal fractured media are composed of epoxy-bonded fibre sheets and constructed in advance before the construction of the whole physical model. Then the model is put into a water tank, and four 2D seismic data for P-waves are acquired in the water tank. Subsequently, these data are processed and analyzed. Results that horizontal fractures in thin interbedded layers can cause obvious anomalies in the time-frequency spectrum, which are constrained by the tuning effect caused by thin interlayers and fractures. Therefore, both thin layer interpretation and fracture prediction consider such dual effects. For frequency-dependent AVO (Amplitude Variation with Offset), although the frequency-dependence produced by thin interbedded layers play a dominant role, the development of cracks and the variation of crack parameters can cause significant changes in frequency-dependent AVO, which indicates that the frequency-dependent AVO can be used to identify horizontal fractures in thin interbedded reservoirs.
Key words:Physical model/
Thin interbedded reservoir/
Horizontal fracture/
Frequency-dependent AVO



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