丁馨^1,,
杜雨薇²,
徐欣^2,3,
裴树文^2,3,,,
de la Torre Ignacio⁴,
高星^2,3,5
1. 英国伦敦大学学院考古研究所, 英国 伦敦 WC1H 0PY
2. 中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室, 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所, 北京 100044
3. 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心, 北京 100044
4. 西班牙国家研究委员会历史研究所, 西班牙 马德里 28037
5. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（批准号：2020YFC1521500）、中国科学院（B类）战略性先导科技专项项目（批准号：XDB26000000）和EuropeanResearchCouncil-AdvancedGrant（批准号：832980；BICAEHFID）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 丁馨, 女, 27岁, 博士研究生, 旧石器考古专业, E-mail: xin.ding.16@ucl.ac.uk

通讯作者: 裴树文, E-mail: peishuwen@ivpp.ac.cn

中图分类号: Q981;P534.63

收稿日期:2021-03-07
修回日期:2021-06-13
刊出日期:2021-09-30

Preliminary analysis on the distribution patterns of early human occupation influenced by environmental factors during Pleistocene in China

DING Xin^1,,
DU Yuwei²,
XU Xin^2,3,
PEI Shuwen^2,3,,,
DE LA TORRE Ignacio⁴,
GAO Xing^2,3,5
1. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, WC1H0PY London, United Kingdom
2. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
3. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
4. Instituto de Historia, Spanish National Research Council-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049


More Information

Corresponding author: PEI Shuwen,E-mail:peishuwen@ivpp.ac.cn

MSC: Q981;P534.63

--> Received Date: 07 March 2021
Revised Date: 13 June 2021
Publish Date: 30 September 2021


摘要
摘要:在环境因素起制约作用的背景下，随着中国古人类演化与生存能力的进步，其数量和空间分布在不同时间段呈现出不同的特征。为了更好地了解中国早期人类的时空分布特征，本研究以中国境内已发表的2110处旧石器遗址的坐标和年代信息为基础，采用统计学和空间分析的方法，对遗址的时间分布进行以蒙特卡洛模拟为基础的时间不定性模拟，对遗址的空间分布进行核密度估计和聚类分析；同时，利用环境空间数据集中的海拔、水源、气温和降水信息，对不同时期内各个遗址所在地的环境条件进行统计分析。研究结果表明，在旧石器时代，随着时间的发展，中国境内的遗址数量不断增多，分布范围也逐渐从中部、南部和东部地区向条件较恶劣的北部和西部扩张。其中，600 ka和57 ka为这一变化的两个关键时间点，600 ka之前遗址数量较少，分布也较为局限；在600 ka至57 ka之间，遗址数量缓慢增加，分布范围也在季风区内逐渐扩大；57 ka之后，遗址数量迅速增长，分布遍布中国境内的大部分地区。本文所梳理的中国境内旧石器遗址整体时空分布特征，为进一步解读中国早期人类的环境适应能力，特别是古人类的体质演化和技术进步的环境驱动机制提供参考。
关键词: 古人类分布/
环境因素/
空间分析/
统计分析/
中国

Abstract:Although the population and distribution patterns of Pleistocene hominins are constrained by environmental factors, this pattern shows different characteristics over time with their more advanced adaptive capability. To identify the temporal and spatial patterns of Chinese Palaeolithic sites, this paper presents a preliminary statistical and spatial analysis on the distribution patterns of Palaeolithic sites in the region of modern China.
The data used in this analysis include 2110 published Chinese Palaeolithic sites. For temporal analysis, the Monte-Carlo simulation was applied to model the temporal uncertainty of site counts. The Palaeolithic period was divided into 219 short time spans, then each site was assigned into those time spans randomly based on their start and end dates for 1000 times, after which a cumulative plot of Palaeolithic sites counts in China can be used for analyzing. For spatial analysis, all published Chinese Palaeolithic sites were reassigned into ten time spans, including 2.6~2.0 Ma, 2.0~1.2 Ma, 1.2~0.6 Ma, 600~300 ka, 300~130 ka, 130~73 ka, 73~57 ka, 57~29 ka, 29~11 ka and 11~10 ka. Kernel density estimation and k-means method were conducted for sites within each time span to recognize their spatial patterns. We also used boxplot to explore the range of elevation, distance to rivers, annual mean temperature and annual precipitation of the sites within different time spans.
The result suggests that the total number and the range of Chinese Palaeolithic sites increased through time. Hominins gradually occupied habitats with diverse environmental conditions and they were able to adapt to those harsher ones in the northeast and northwest China. Particularly, 600 ka and 57 ka are two important transition points. Before 600 ka, the number of Palaeolithic sites remained at low levels, and the location of sites restricted in the monsoon region. During the period between 600 and 57 ka, the site number increased gradually, and their distribution expanded step by step. Since 57 ka, the number of sites rise significantly, and sites began to appear in harsh regions like the Tibetan Plateau and the non-monsoon region. It can be suggested that the change of temporal and spatial patterns over time indicates the development of hominin capability, which correlates to the current evidence of human fossils and stone tools in China, but more details need to be explored in the future. This study will contribute to research on the environmental adaptation, even the evolution and technical development influenced by environment of early hominins in China.
Key words:early human distribution patterns/
environmental factor/
spatial analysis/
statistical analysis/
China



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