刘傲然3,
吴雁2,
胡鑫2,
陈少坤4,5,,,
魏光飚6
1. 河北地质大学地球科学博物馆, 河北 石家庄 050031
2. 重庆中国三峡博物馆, 重庆 400015
3. 河北地质大学地球科学学院, 河北 石家庄 050031
4. 河北地质大学古生物研究院, 河北 石家庄 050031
5. 现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所), 江苏 南京 210008
6. 重庆市地质调查院, 重庆 401122
基金项目: 中国科学院（B类）战略性先导科技专项项目（批准号：XDB26030302）和中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室开放课题（批准号：173102）共同资助
详细信息
作者简介: 庞丽波, 女, 38岁, 馆员, 古生物学与地层学专业, E-mail: libopang2002@163.com
通讯作者: 陈少坤, E-mail: cskcsk2000@163.com
中图分类号: Q915.873;P534.63收稿日期:2021-03-12
修回日期:2021-06-02
刊出日期:2021-09-30
Fossil Talpidae (Insectivora, Mammalian) of MIS 2 from the Yumidong cave site at Wushan, Chongqing
PANG Libo1,2,,LIU Aoran3,
WU Yan2,
HU Xin2,
CHEN Shaokun4,5,,,
WEI Guangbiao6
1. Geoscience Museum, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei
2. China Three Gorges Museum, Chongqing 400015
3. College of Earth Science, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei
4. Institute of Paleontology, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei
5. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy Sciences), Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu
6. Chongqing Institute of Geological Survey, Chongqing 401122
More Information
Corresponding author: CHEN Shaokun,E-mail:cskcsk2000@163.com
MSC: Q915.873;P534.63--> Received Date: 12 March 2021
Revised Date: 02 June 2021
Publish Date: 30 September 2021
摘要
摘要:重庆市巫山县玉米洞遗址第②-2层的时代为更新世最晚期，可与MIS 2阶段相对应。文章系统研究了这一层位中的鼹科动物化石，对其进行了详细的形态学描述和对比，依据齿式、齿冠结构和尺寸大小将之分别鉴定为长尾鼩鼹Scaptonyx fusicaudus、白尾鼹Parascaptor leucurus和宽齿鼹Euroscaptor grandis，均为现生的区域灭绝种。从这3个物种的现代分布范围和生境判断，玉米洞遗址在MIS 2阶段的古环境较现代更为寒凉，与横断山区或秦岭海拔2000~3000 m处相当。喜寒凉的鼹科动物在MIS 2阶段向低海拔处迁徙扩散，而当全新世暖期到来时，玉米洞周边并无供其生存的适宜环境，这些鼹科动物在此区域灭绝。
关键词: 玉米洞遗址/
MIS 2阶段/
鼹科动物化石/
区域灭绝/
古环境
Abstract:The Yumidong Cave(30°50'44.4″N, 109°38'09.2″E) is a camp residential Paleolithic site repeatedly used for a long period in the Three Gorges area, which has yielded a large number of animal fossils and lithic artifacts. Biogeographically, this locality is situated at the Western Mountain Subregion of Central China Region. Geomorphically, the area around this locality(altitude of 1100 m) is complex and diverse, with altitude rarely more than 1900 m.
Talpidae(moles) fossils from the ②-2 layer of this site are reported in the present paper. U-Th dating in conjunction with biostratigraphic analysis correlate the layer to MIS 2(Marine Isotope Stage 2). The well preserved mole fossils provide a valuable opportunity for us to observe and compare the osteological characters of the taxa, which can be identified as Scaptonyx fusicaudus, Parascaptor leucurus and Euroscaptor grandis. S.fusicaudus is represented by 9 mandibular specimens, which has a formula of/2 ·1 ·4 ·3, almost equal lower incisor alveoli, lower canine larger than p1, two-rooted p1, p2 smaller than p3, trigonid and talonid basins of m1 and m2 closed to the lingual side, and metastylid and entoconid crest of lower molars developed. P.leucurus is represented by 4 mandibular specimens, which has a formula of/3 ·1 ·4 ·3, lower canine smaller than p1, p1 somewhat larger than p3, p3 morphologically similar to p4, trigonid and talonid basins of m1 and m2 opened to the lingual side, metastylid and entoconid crest of m1 and m2 undeveloped, and parastylid of m2 and m3 well developed. E.grandis is the largest in the genus Euroscaptor and represented by 5 mandibular and 1 humeral specimens, which has a formula of/3 ·1 ·4 ·3, well developed talonid of p4, weak entostylid of m1 and m2, and sharp conids of lower molars.
The occurrence of these mole fossils is of interest in their paleoenviromental implications as well. Scaptonyx fusicaudus is an ancient relict species and mainly distributed in the area of the Hengduan Mountains and the Qinling Mountains now, and it lives in cold temperate shrub meadow area of middle to high elevation. Parascaptor leucurus is rarely reported and mainly distributed from the Hengduan Mountains to Assam of Myanmar now, and inhabits the shrubs at the altitude of 2000~3000 m in the Hengduan Mountains. Euroscaptor grandis can be found from plain and shrubs at the altitude of 1000~3000 m in Emei Mountain nowadays, and it is the first time to found fossils of this spices. All of these species are regional extinct. The analysis of biotope supports an environment similar to the area of the Hengduan Mountains and the Qinling Mountains at the altitude of 2000~3000 m, which is temperate or cold temperate shrubs in the research area during MIS 2. Such middle to high elevated environment is not exist in the research area now. Therefore, it is deduced that it was cooler than nowadays in the Three Gorges Area at that stage and the cool-adapted moles had spread to lower altitude valley from adjacent higher mountain. When the Holocene came, these moles couldn't adapt to the environmental fluctuations and became extinct from this area.
Key words:Yumidong Cave Site/
MIS 2/
Talpidae/
regional extinct/
paleoenvironment
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