马志坤^1,,
刘舒¹,
任萌^1,,,
郇秀佳²,
习通源¹,
王建新¹,
马健¹
1. 西北大学文化遗产学院, 文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710069
2. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 中国科学院新生代地质与环境院重点实验室, 北京 100029

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41807436和41761018）、国家社会科学基金重点项目（批准号：18AKG004）和国家社会科学基金重大项目（批准号：14ZDB052）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 马志坤, 男, 37岁, 副教授, 环境考古研究, E-mail:mazhikun123456@163.com

通讯作者: 任萌, E-mail:rm1234@163.com

中图分类号: K871.3+4;K878

收稿日期:2020-07-29
修回日期:2020-10-08
刊出日期:2021-01-30

Analysis of grain storage pit of the Shirenzigou site in Balikun County, east Tianshan area, Xinjiang

MA Zhikun^1,,
LIU Shu¹,
REN Meng^1,,,
HUAN Xiujia²,
XI Tongyuan¹,
WANG Jianxin¹,
MA Jian¹
1. Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi
2. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029


More Information

Corresponding author: REN Meng,E-mail:rm1234@163.com

MSC: K871.3+4;K878

--> Received Date: 29 July 2020
Revised Date: 08 October 2020
Publish Date: 30 January 2021


摘要
摘要:新疆地区一直是东西方人群迁徙与融合、农牧互动的活跃地带，是文化传播和交汇的重要通道。地处东天山地区的巴里坤石人子沟遗址是青铜时代晚期至铁器时代早期的大型聚落遗址，在遗址中心的大型房址内发掘出一处距今约3000年的存有大量炭化种子的储粮坑。这一发现为新疆地区早期先民生业经济模式的研究提供了重要线索，然而，目前关于该储粮坑储藏粮食的种类、重量和构建方式尚不清楚。本研究对石人子沟遗址储粮坑内炭化种子及坑底土壤结块进行了植物遗存分析和土壤微形态分析，研究结果显示储粮坑主要用于储藏农作物青稞（Hordeum vulgare var.nudum）；储粮坑在储满状态时，青稞重量约在2000 kg至5500 kg之间；夯筑和草拌泥等建筑、防潮技术很可能被用于储粮坑建造过程。对比中原地区新石器时代至秦汉时期储粮坑的考古遗存和典籍资料，发现新疆石人子沟遗址储粮坑存粮种类单一，存粮最大容纳量偏轻，且建造方式也较为简单。该研究结果为新疆东天山地区古代人类利用的农作物种类及储藏方式提供了参考资料，对解析新疆地区早期生业经济具有重要推动作用。
关键词: 石人子沟遗址/
青铜时代/
生业经济/
储粮坑/
植物遗存分析/
土壤微形态

Abstract:Xinjiang area is an interaction region of population migration and fusion, crops and livestock, and an important region for cultural exchanges between East and West. Shirenzigou site(43°31.2'~43°34.5'N, 93°13.7'~93°16.8'E) in the Balikun County was a great tribe settlement in the eastern Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang area during the late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. A grain storage pit(H19) with a large number of carbonized seeds was founded in a house foundation centre from Shirenzigou site, which can be dated back to 3000 cal.a B.P. It can provide important evidences for the study of ancient subsistence economies in the Xinjiang area. However, the function of the grain storage pit such as the type and weight of crops stored in it and its construction manner was unclear.
One tawny lumpy sample(weight, 450 g) with carbonized seeds from the bottom of the grain storage pit was selected and analyzed by plant remain analysis and soil micromorphology analysis in this study. More than two hundred carbonized naked barley seeds, twenty-five starch grains from Hordeum, nine hundred and fifty-three phytoliths including plants from barley and Panicoideae were recovered from the lumpy sample. Combing the data of the soil micromorphology analysis, the results showed that: (1)The grain storage pit was used to store naked barley(Hordeum vulgare var. nudum); (2)The maximum capacity of the grain storage pit was about between 2000 kg and 5500 kg; (3)The technology of ramming and grass-mud mixture was possible used during the construction process of the grain storage pit.
The results were compared with the results from the archaeological evidences and ancient documentations in Central China from the Neolithic to Qin and Han Dynasties, indicating that the type of crops stored, maximum capacity and technology of the grain storage pit was simple. Our study demonstrates storage mode and usage of the crop structure by ancient people, enhancing our understanding of the early subsistence economies in Xinjiang area in the Bronze Age.
Key words:Sirenzigou site/
Bronze Age/
subsistence economy/
grain storage pit/
plant remains analysis/
soil micromorphology analysis



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