杨凡,
王青,
王芬^,
山东大学历史文化学院, 山东 济南 250100


详细信息

作者简介: 杨凡, 女, 28岁, 博士研究生, 植物考古专业, E-mail:yangfan33@mail.sdu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 王芬, E-mail:wangf@sdu.edu.cn

中图分类号: K878;Q983;Q915.2⁺3;P597⁺.2

收稿日期:2019-08-19
修回日期:2019-11-25
刊出日期:2020-03-25

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence of human and animal diets at the Xijincheng site, Bo'ai County of Henan Province

Yang Fan,
Wang Qing,
Wang Fen^,
School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong



More Information

Corresponding author: Wang Fen,E-mail:wangf@sdu.edu.cn

MSC: K878;Q983;Q915.2⁺3;P597⁺.2

--> Received Date: 19 August 2019
Revised Date: 25 November 2019
Publish Date: 25 March 2020


摘要
摘要:中原地区是中国文明起源和国家形成的核心区域，农业的发展在某种程度促成了中华文明在这一地区的最终形成。农业经济的转变对先民食物结构和动物饲养方式都产生了影响，但目前的研究多为某一时间段的研究，需要长时间段的考量。对西金城遗址（35°06'22"N，113°06'53"E）出土的龙山文化、汉代和唐宋时期的人和动物骨骼开展了碳氮稳定同位素分析，分析结果表明：龙山文化时期西金城先民（δ¹³C=-9.3±3.1‰，δ¹⁵N=8.5±1.3‰，n=3）的食物结构以C₄类（粟、黍）为主，其生计方式是以粟等旱作农业为主，并辅以少量的稻作农业生产，兼有稳定的家畜饲养和捕捞业。就动物食物结构而言，龙山文化时期以猪、狗为代表的家畜的食物结构和人类相似，先民主要用粟黍类作物副产品喂养家畜；汉代随着小麦、大豆等C₃类农作物的推广普及，家畜的δ¹³C值降低，更多的小麦等作物被用于喂养家畜。唐宋时期虽然小麦的地位进一步上升，形成了"粟麦并重"的农作物格局，但先民却仍然偏向于用C₄植物（粟黍）喂养家畜。
关键词: 西金城遗址/
C、N稳定同位素/
食物结构/
动物饲养

Abstract:For deep exploration on the interaction of agricultural translation to both food structure and animal husbandry, this paper focuses on the C and N stable isotopic analysis on human bones(Longshan culture)and animal bones (Longshan culture, Han, Tang and Song dynasties)from Xijincheng site(35°06'22"N, 113°06'53"E), Bo'ai County, Henan Province. With the combination of archaeobotany and historical documents, systematic analysis has been undertaken on several issues including food structure and long-term animal husbandry at this site. According to the human bones isotopic analysis, the δ¹³C is relatively higher (δ¹³C=-9.3±3.1‰, n=3), indicating a C₄ plants(like foxtail millet, broomcorn millet etc.)dominant food structure. Considering the floatation results, some other crops like rice, wheat and soybean may have played a small part in the paleodiet. The δ¹⁵N data is within the scope of omnivorous animal, and all the above reveals a mixed paleodiet consisting of both plants and meat at Xijincheng site while the faunal resources were less favorable back then. Combined with evidence of archaeobotany and zooarchaeology, dryland plants such as foxtail millet may have occupied a major position in the subsistence strategy at Xijincheng site, with a supplement of rice farming production and stable animal husbandry and fishery as well.
The δ¹³C data from bones of pig, dog and cattle during Longshan culture is -7.6‰, -8.5±0.6‰ (n=2) and -8.4‰ separately, which belongs to a food structure with C₄ plants as absolute domination, showing the likelihood of massive intake of millet processing side products such as straw and bran. The δ¹⁵N data of pig and dog is 7.7‰ and 7.1±0.1‰ (n=2), falling into the range of omnivorous animals, indicating the intake of some amount of animal protein, possibly from leftovers of human food. As an herbivore animal, the cattle shared a similar food structure with pig and dog, leading to a speculation that all these animals were raised in captivity at that time. To Han Dynasty, the δ¹³C data of dog and cattle is -13.1‰ and -14.4±1.3‰ (n=2), and C₃ plants occupied a comparative contribution to those animals as C₄ plants. The dispersal and extension of wheat and soybean caused a reduction of δ¹³C data from animal bones during Han dynasty, and the reason might be more wheat was used for livestock feeding. As for Tang-Song dynasty, the δ¹³C data of pig and dog is -10.2‰ and -12.1‰, indicating that millet were still mostly used for livestock feeding during this period, although the ration has decreased compared with that of Longshan culture. Although the position of wheat in the subsistence has upgraded and shared almost the same ration with millet in this period, the preference that people fed livestock with C₄ plant still persisted. From Longshan culture to Tang-Song dynasty, the δ¹⁵N data of livestock has been raising, showing the increasing consumption of meat resources, which also can indicate the growth trend of meat resources in the long-term food structure of human.
Key words:Xijincheng site/
C/N staple isotopic/
diet assemblages/
feeding strategies



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