Hao Yin
aDepartment of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
bFrontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, 430071, China
cDepartment of Urology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
More InformationCorresponding author: E-mail address: haoyin@whu.edu.cn (Hao Yin)
Received Date: 2019-08-18
Accepted Date:2019-11-15
Rev Recd Date:2019-11-05
Available Online: 2019-11-23 Publish Date:2019-11-20
Abstract
Abstract
As versatile and robust genome editing tools, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technologies have been broadly used in basic research, biotechnology, and therapeutic development. Off-target mutagenesis by CRISPR systems has been demonstrated, and various methods have been developed to markedly increase their specificity. In this review, we highlight the efforts of producing and modifying guide RNA (gRNA) to minimize off-target activities, including sequence and structure design, tuning expression and chemical modification. The modalities of gRNA engineering can be applied across CRISPR systems. In conjunction with CRISPR protein effectors, the engineered gRNA enables efficient and precise genome editing.Keywords: CRISPR,
Genome editing,
Engineered guide RNA,
Off-target effects
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