Effects of ‘Tent’ Mulching on Soil Temperature and Grape Growth in The Yellow River Delta Saline-Alkali in Spring
WANG Hui1, ZHAO Shuo1, YANG XingWang1, JIN MengLing1, DU YuanPeng1, GUAN XueQiang2, ZHAI Heng,11 College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong 2 Institute of Agricultural Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
Abstract 【Objective】The objective of this paper was to explore the reasons of the delayed bud burst and to improve the growth of grapevine in saline land in spring.【Method】Three year old ‘Summer Black’ grape was used as test material, which was cultivated in Guangbei #2 field with saline land (1.5 m within rows and 3 m between rows, vertical shoot-positioning system, hedgerows, single stem and arm tree shape). Grapes were unearthed in March 2018, ‘tent’ was built after irrigating for the accelerating germination, namely, pulling a wire at a height of 50 cm, with it as the vertex, white plastic film with a width of 80 cm was superimposed on both sides with binding wire. The two sides were opened to the ground with an angle about 45 o, then soil was used to cover the edge, a small hermetically sealed triangle known as the ‘tent’ mulching. Two rows were laid for each treatment, plants without covering the ‘tent’ were used as control, and effects of ‘tent’ mulching on soil temperature and grape growth was studied.【Result】‘Tent’ mulching in the Yellow River delta saline land promoted the growth and development of grape and effectively increased the ground temperature in saline land. The average ground temperature of the 10 cm soil layer in the rhizosphere under ‘tent’ mulching was significantly increased by about 5℃, compared with the control. The ground temperature under ‘tent’ mulching increased earlier and retained longer time than that under the control treatment, which decreased the gap between ground temperature and air temperature. The phenological period of grapes bud burst under ‘tent’ mulching were 10-15 days earlier than that under the control, and the bud burst time was earlier and consistent. ‘Tent’ mulching significantly improved the growth quality of grape shoots, growth of new shoots (length), internode length and width of the third node, which were increased by 34.9%, 23.8% and 20%, respectively, compared with the control. Leaves area and weight under ‘Tent’ mulching were increased by 39.9% and 56.6%, respectively, while leaves thickness under ‘Tent’ mulching was increased but there was no significant difference, compared with the control. ‘Tent’ mulching significantly improved the leaves function of grape, leaves chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), which were increased by 27.6%, 30% and 6.8%, significantly, compared with the control. The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) was also significantly increased by 21.9%, which indicated that the open degree of PSII reaction center in geothermal environment was large, the energy used in the photochemical pathway was increased, and photosynthesis was increased. In order to explore the causes of delayed temperature rise in saline land, the pot experiments were conducted under the same climatic conditions in Tai'an. The results showed as follows: the response of saline soil ground temperature to air temperature was significantly delayed about 3 h than that of brown soil. The largest differences about the two soil were salt content, soil conductivity, bulk density and porosity. Field measurements showed that saline soil was less aerated than brown soil. The bulk density of the 0-20 cm soil layer in saline soil was as high as 1.45 g?cm -3, which belong to a compaction condition. The bulk density was 11.7% higher than that of brown soil, soil porosity was 13.5% lower than that of brown soil, soil reoxidation reduction potential (Eh) and oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) were 49.9% and 13.8% lower than that of brown soil, respectively.【Conclusion】The ‘tent’ significantly increased the ground temperature of saline-alkali land, reduced the time-space difference of air and ground temperature, effectively improved the bud burst process of grape, advance the phenological period of bud burst, improved the growth quality of new shoots, and promoted the growth and development of grapevine in spring. Keywords:saline-alkali land;grapes;ground temperature;delayed;‘tent’;mulching
PDF (600KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 王辉, 赵烁, 杨兴旺, 金梦玲, 杜远鹏, 管雪强, 翟衡. ‘裙膜’覆盖对黄河三角洲盐碱地土温及春季葡萄生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(16): 2871-2879 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.012 WANG Hui, ZHAO Shuo, YANG XingWang, JIN MengLing, DU YuanPeng, GUAN XueQiang, ZHAI Heng. Effects of ‘Tent’ Mulching on Soil Temperature and Grape Growth in The Yellow River Delta Saline-Alkali in Spring[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(16): 2871-2879 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.012
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谢驾阳, 王朝辉, 李生秀, 田霄鸿 . 地表覆盖对西北旱地土壤有机氮累积及矿化的影响 中国农业科学, 2010,43(3):507-513. Magsci [本文引用: 1] <P><FONT face=Verdana>【目的】认识土壤氮素的转化和供应过程,是优化作物栽培和氮素养分管理的关键。【方法】本文采用5年田间长期定位试验的土壤,研究了地表覆草和覆膜栽培对旱地土壤氮素矿化和供氮能力的影响。【结果】与常规栽培相比,地表长期覆草会提高土壤氮素矿化势,降低矿化速率;覆膜则会降低土壤氮素矿化势,提高矿化速率,覆草、覆膜和常规栽培的矿化势分别为25.0—29.7、23.2—25.9、23.3—26.2 mg?kg-1。不施氮时,覆草和覆膜均能提高土壤有机氮含量,增加土壤轻质有机氮含量;施氮后,覆草能增加土壤有机氮和轻质有机氮含量,但覆膜却降低了土壤有机氮和轻质有机氮含量。施氮240 kg?hm-2时,地表覆草、覆膜和常规栽培土壤的有机氮含量分别为1.03、0.95和0.96 g?kg-1,轻质有机氮分别为51、35和37 mg?kg-1。【结论】作物生长过程中,地表覆草栽培能使土壤将较多的矿质氮转化形成可矿化有机氮;覆膜栽培则不利于土壤的有机氮累积。因此,覆草栽培虽增加了土壤氮素供应能力,但为实现作物增产,需增加氮肥投入或在作物需氮较多的生长阶段补充氮肥,覆膜栽培则需要注意配施有机肥。<BR></FONT></P> XIEJ Y, WANGZ H, LIS X, TIANX H . Effect of different surface mulching on soil organic nitrogen accumulation and mineralization in dryland of northwestern China Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010,43(3):507-513. (in Chinese) Magsci [本文引用: 1] <P><FONT face=Verdana>【目的】认识土壤氮素的转化和供应过程,是优化作物栽培和氮素养分管理的关键。【方法】本文采用5年田间长期定位试验的土壤,研究了地表覆草和覆膜栽培对旱地土壤氮素矿化和供氮能力的影响。【结果】与常规栽培相比,地表长期覆草会提高土壤氮素矿化势,降低矿化速率;覆膜则会降低土壤氮素矿化势,提高矿化速率,覆草、覆膜和常规栽培的矿化势分别为25.0—29.7、23.2—25.9、23.3—26.2 mg?kg-1。不施氮时,覆草和覆膜均能提高土壤有机氮含量,增加土壤轻质有机氮含量;施氮后,覆草能增加土壤有机氮和轻质有机氮含量,但覆膜却降低了土壤有机氮和轻质有机氮含量。施氮240 kg?hm-2时,地表覆草、覆膜和常规栽培土壤的有机氮含量分别为1.03、0.95和0.96 g?kg-1,轻质有机氮分别为51、35和37 mg?kg-1。【结论】作物生长过程中,地表覆草栽培能使土壤将较多的矿质氮转化形成可矿化有机氮;覆膜栽培则不利于土壤的有机氮累积。因此,覆草栽培虽增加了土壤氮素供应能力,但为实现作物增产,需增加氮肥投入或在作物需氮较多的生长阶段补充氮肥,覆膜栽培则需要注意配施有机肥。<BR></FONT></P>
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