doi:10.12202/j.0476-0301.2020404明安远^1,,
谢富明³,
赵长森^{1, 2,,},
杨胜天^{1, 2},
张纯斌²,
潘天力²
1.北京师范大学水科学研究院，100875，北京
2.北京师范大学地理科学学部，遥感科学国家重点实验室，100875，北京
3.新疆玛纳斯河流域管理局，832000，新疆石河子
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（ U1812401）

详细信息

通讯作者:赵长森（1977—），男，博士，副教授. 研究方向：遥感水文. E-mail：zhaochangsen@bnu.edu.cn

中图分类号:P332.3

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-12-07
网络出版日期:2021-05-31
刊出日期:2021-09-02

Key influencing factors in the spatial variations in river sections: statistical analysis and authentification from satellite data

Anyuan MING^1,,
Fuming XIE³,
Changsen ZHAO^{1, 2,,},
Shengtian YANG^{1, 2},
Chunbin ZHANG²,
Tianli PAN²
1. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
3. Administration of Xinjiang Manas River Basin, 832000, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China



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摘要
摘要:选取人类活动影响较小的三江源地区，利用多源遥感数据，结合最小二乘法与模糊聚类法开展大数据统计分析，探索自然因素对河流断面形状空间变异的影响．结果表明：在所有影响因素中，流域面积是驱动河流断面形状变化最主要的影响因素，随着断面控制流域面积的增加，上游“窄-深”型河道渐变为下游“宽-浅”型河道；土壤孔隙高、粉粒含量大、断面位置坡度高、植被盖度低的地理环境更利于抛物线型河流断面的形成；断面形状拟合参数（a）、控制流域面积（S）与宽深比（R_WD）的关系函数均为指数型函数（$a=c_1{\rm{e}}^{d_1S}$, $R_{{\rm{WD}}}=c_2{\rm{e}}^{d_2S}$）．以上结论适用于受人类活动影响小、资料缺乏的山区自然河道，可准确、高效、安全地获取河流断面形状，为河流水质评价、生态流量计算、河流健康保护、水土保持措施配置研究等奠定坚实的方法和数据基础，助力我国生态文明重大方略的实施．
关键词:自然河流/
多源遥感/
断面变化/
影响因子/
三江源地区
Abstract:Global ecological environment of river is causing increasing concern in government and research communities．Shape of river cross-section is an important parameter to evaluate ecological environment of river．Traditional measurement methods are mostly based at total stations and level stations．This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also poses high risks in field work．It is therefore urgent to develop a framework to efficiently deduce the shape of the river cross-section．For this study, the Sanjiangyuan region with less human impact was selected．Multi-source remote sensing data coupled with least square and fuzzy clustering methods were used to explore correlation between shape of cross-section and key impact factors．Among all the influencing factors, drainage area was found to be the most important factor driving shape changes in the river section．As drainage area controlled by the section increased, upstream “narrow-deep” channel form gradually changed to downstream “wide-shallow” form．Geographical environment with high soil pores, large silt content, high slope of section location, and low vegetation coverage was found to be more conducive to the formation of parabolic river sections．The relationship functions of section shape fitting parameters (a), control basin area (S) and width-depth ratio (R_WD) were all exponential functions ($a=c_1{\rm{e}}^{d_1S}$, $R_{{\rm{WD}}}=c_2{\rm{e}}^{d_2S}$)．This relationship is suitable for natural rivers in mountainous areas that are less affected by human activities, accurately, to efficiently, and safely obtain the shape of river cross-sections, to provide methodological and data basis for the assessment of water quality, calculation of e-flows, restoration of aquatic ecosystem health as well as conservation of water and soil, being helpful to achieve ecological civilization in China．
Key words:natural river/
multi-source remote sensing/
cross-section variation/
driving factor/
Sanjiangyuan region