BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase that harbors activating mutations in ~7% of human malignancies and ~60% of melanomas. Despite initial clinical responses to BRAF inhibitors, patients frequently develop drug resistance. To identify candidate therapeutic targets for BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma, we conduct CRISPR screens in melanoma cells harboring an activating BRAF mutation that had also acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. To investigate the mechanisms and pathways enabling resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanomas, we integrate expression, ATAC-seq, and CRISPR screen data. We identify the JUN family transcription factors and the ETS family transcription factor ETV5 as key regulators of CDK6, which together enable resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma cells. Our findings reveal genes contributing to resistance to a selective BRAF inhibitor PLX4720, providing new insights into gene regulation in BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cells.
黑色素瘤(Melanoma)作为一种恶性肿瘤,具有预后差、生存率低的特点,而且近半数的转移性黑素瘤患者中丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶BRAF在密码子600的位置存在突变,最常见的是V600E或V600K。BRAF在转移性黑色素瘤中高频突变促进了对靶向突变BRAF的小分子药物的研究和开发。早期临床试验表明,BRAF小分子抑制剂作为针对具有BRAF V600E突变的黑素瘤病人的一种治疗方法显示出了巨大的前景。虽然具有BRAF突变的癌症病人在用药初期对BRAF的小分子抑制剂有很好的反应,但有一部分病人通常会在用药后的一段时间出现获得性耐药而导致癌症的复发。所以系统性地研究BRAF小分子抑制剂的耐药机制,对于寻找有效的治疗方案,解决癌症耐药问题至关重要。同时,对BRAF抑制剂的耐药机制进行研究,将有利于了解黑素瘤产生耐药性过程中的信号通路,为规避耐药性的产生以及提高药物疗效提供重要信息。为了系统地研究BRAF抑制剂在黑色素瘤中的耐药机制,我们在具有BRAF V600E突变的细胞系中进行了一系列实验。这些黑色素瘤细胞系通过长期的药物处理后,获得了对BRAF小分子抑制剂PLX4032的耐药性。所以,我们利用CRISPR筛选帮助我们寻找与BRAF抑制剂耐药性相关的信号通路和基因。同时,我们整合了转录组数据和表观遗传图谱数据的分析,揭示了BRAF抑制剂耐药细胞内的基因调控网络。
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CRISPR Screens Identify Essential Cell Growth Mediators in BRAF Inhibitor-resistant Melanoma
本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-03
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