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Mapping Genome Variants Sheds Light on Genetic and Phenotypic Differentiation in Chinese
本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-03
遗传变异和人类健康和精准医疗息息相关,因此绘制全人类基因组遗传变异图谱成为全球科学家共同奋斗的目标。近年来,国际千人基因组等多个研究小组纷纷致力于发现世界不同种族人群中基因组变异。我国是个多民族国家,拥有大约20%的世界人口和丰富的遗传多样性。但由于缺乏中国南北方人群特异的参考基因组以及深度测序数据,全面准确地绘制中国人群遗传变异图谱尚未实现。中国科学院于2016年启动了精准医学计划(CASPMI)。 近日,北京基因组所的曾长青和肖景发研究员团队联合发表了CASPMI计划的最新成果。作者通过使用二代和三代测序技术,首次测序并组装了一个北方汉人的高质量基因组序列(NH1.0)。他们发现中国人测序数据和NH1.0的比对有着比国际上惯用的人类参考基因组(GRCh38)更低的错配率,表明NH1.0更能代表中国人的遗传背景。在NH1.0和两个现有南方汉人基因组基础上,作者进一步在597个中国人中鉴定了2880万个遗传变异,其中1175万个属于新发现的变异。他们还发现了约10.6万个结构变异(Indel和CNV),其中大多数为低频变异,并且这些变异富集在和体重指数以及肥胖相关的代谢基因通路上。作者还发现与世界其他人群相比,中国人群存在6万多个特有的遗传变异。这些变异和腰围、体重指数、脂肪代谢等表型高度相关,揭示了中国人群特有的代谢特征背后的潜在遗传因素。此外,作者还发现南北方人群在基因组多条染色体上的遗传多样性,以及和癌症相关的体细胞基因突变特征方面呈现出显著的差异。总之,该研究成果是中国人群的遗传多样性研究领域的重大进展,是全人类种群遗传变异研究成果的关键补充,也代表中国向实现精准医疗迈出重要的一步。
PDF全文下载地址:
http://gpb.big.ac.cn/articles/download/705
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