马 超，董 森，华正操
AuthorsHTML:马 超，董 森，华正操
AuthorsListE:Ma Chao，Dong Sen，Hua Zhengcao
AuthorsHTMLE:Ma Chao，Dong Sen，Hua Zhengcao
Unit:天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室，天津 300350
Unit_EngLish:State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300350，China
Abstract_Chinese:随着世界各国对太阳能资源开发的日益重视，光伏产业得到快速的发展．然而，由于太阳能资源具有随机性和波动性强的特点，使得光伏电站出力波动性较大、电能质量较差，进而导致光伏电站并网难度增加．为提高光伏电站的出力稳定性、保证电能质量，采用多种光伏组件互补运行的方式和为光伏电站合理配置混合储能系统是有效的方法．针对多种光伏组件组合光伏电站的混合储能容量优化配置问题，提出一种统计分析与数学模型相结合的配置方法．该方法采用小波分解将不同天气类型对应的典型光伏出力分解为近似信号、高频波动信号和低频波动信号，并提出采取能量型储能技术和功率型储能技术分别平抑低频波动和高频波动的思路；结合各天气类型的时间占比，对高、低频波动信号进行统计分析以确定混合储能的功率；构建以全生命周期成本最小与目标出力满足度最大为目标的混合储能容量优化配置模型，并采用遗传算法求解模型以确定最优的混合储能容量配置方案．本文以青海共和55MW光伏实证基地为实例，通过对9种不同混合储能组合计算结果的比选，得到了最优混合储能配置方案——超级电容(4.6MW/(1.21MW·h))＋全钒液流电池(9.2MW/(6.26MW·h))．光伏电站出力优化结果显示：所提出的配置方法可行且有效，实施提出混合储能配置方案后，光伏电站出力波动性显著降低，出力稳定性和电能质量得到显著提高．
Abstract_English:As the world attach increasing importance to the development of solar energy resources，the photovoltaic(PV)industry has developed rapidly. However，because of the randomness and volatility of solar energy resources，the output of PV power stations fluctuates considerably and power quality is poor，which further increases the difficulty of grid connection of PV power stations. To improve the output stability of PV power stations and ensure the quality of power，it is an effective method to adopt a variety of solar tracker complementary operation modes and reasonably configure the hybrid energy storage system(HESS)for PV power stations. To enhance the capacity configuration of the HESS for PV power stations using multiple solar trackers，a configuration method combining statistical analysis and mathematical models is proposed. The method uses wavelet decomposition to decompose the typical output of the PV power stations under different weather conditions into approximate signal，high-frequency fluctuation signal，and low-frequency fluctuation signal. Moreover，the method adopts high power and energy storage to suppress high and low-frequency fluctuation signals，respectively. Combined with the time ratio of each weather condition，statistical analysis of the high- and low-frequency fluctuation signals is performed to determine the power of high power storage and high energy storage. The optimal HESS capacity configuration model with the objectives of life cycle cost minimization and target output satisfaction rate maximization was constructed. Moreover，the genetic algorithm was used to solve the model to determine the optimal HESS capacity configuration scheme. Taking Qinghai Gonghe 55MW PV demonstration base as a case，by comparing the calculation results of nine different HESS combinations，the optimal HESS capacity configuration scheme “super capacitor(4.6MW/1.21MW·h)＋vanadium flow battery(9.2MW/6.26MW·h)” is obtained. The scheme can reduce output fluctuation significantly and improve the output stability and power quality of PV power stations effectively. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method was verified.
Keyword_Chinese:光伏电站；出力波动平抑；小波分解；混合储能配置；容量优化模型
Keywords_English:PV power station；output fluctuation stabilization；wavelet decomposition；hybrid energy storage system configuration；capacity optimization model

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