郭正龙¹, 朱永祥¹, 王耀辉¹, 刘志峰², 马爱军²
1.江苏中洋集团股份有限公司, 江苏 南通 226600;2.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071

摘要:
刀鲚（Coilia nasus）是长江珍稀名贵的生殖洄游性、肉食性鱼类，自2020年1月1日0时起，长江10年内全面禁止刀鲚生产性捕捞。与此同时，衍生出刀鲚池塘养殖、工厂化养殖和网箱养殖模式，在这些养殖模式中，由于刀鲚长期处于肥水和高密度的养殖环境内，自身处于不安全的状态下，造成自身的免疫机能受到抑制和抗病力下降，导致养殖成活率低或大量死亡现象，造成刀鲚养殖规模一直没有大的进展。本研究通过对刀鲚各个生长发育过程的特征解析，将刀鲚生活史划分为水花开口、乌仔、稚鱼（夏花）、幼鱼和成鱼5个生长阶段，同时将刀鲚养殖所涉及的生态系统划分为浮游植物、原生动物、轮虫（卵）、枝角类、桡足类、底栖动物幼体、鱼（虾）苗、软靡、微囊配合饲料和有机碎屑、微生物8个层次，通过结合非生态系统构建了刀鲚生态养殖系统模式。通过构建该生态养殖模式对刀鲚养殖模式进行更加深入的研究和探讨，从而助力刀鲚产业的快速发展。
关键词:刀鲚生态系统生态养殖模式
DOI：10.11759/hykx20200908002
分类号:S965.227
基金项目:江苏省重点研发计划（BE2018332）

Construction of an ecological culture model of Coilia nasus
GUO Zheng-long¹, ZHU Yong-xiang¹, WANG Yao-hui¹, LIU Zhi-feng², MA Ai-jun²
1.Jiangsu Zhongyang Group, Nantong 226600, China;2.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Abstract:
Coilia nasus is a rare and valuable reproductive, migratory, and carnivorous fish in the Yangtze River. Since January 1, 2020, the Yangtze River has been banned from further productive fishing for the next ten years. Pond culture, factory culture, and cage culture of Coilia nasus have emerged as alternative production techniques over time. However, these breeding modes have proven to be unsafe due to long-term exposure to eutrophic water and a high-density breeding environment that inhibits their immune function and reduces disease resistance, resulting in a low survival rate or excessive deaths. As a result, there has been no significant progress in the scale of Coilia nasus breeding. According to the characteristics of each growth and development process, the life cycle of Coilia nasus is divided into five stages:hatched larvae, larvae, juveniles, young, and adult fish. The ecosystem involved in Coilia nasus culture is divided into eight levels:phytoplankton, protozoa, rotifers (eggs), cladocerans and copepods, benthic larvae, fish (shrimp) fry, soft and micro capsule compound feed, and organic detritus and microorganisms. A model of the Coilia nasus ecological culture system was constructed by combining nonecosystems. Through the construction of this ecological breeding model, more in-depth research and discussions on its farming model could be conducted to facilitate the rapid development of the Coilia nasus industry.
Key words:Coilia nasusecosystemecological culturepattern diagram





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