徐华¹, 王斌², 张聪¹, 李凡², 杨艳艳²
1.山东省烟台生态环境监测中心, 山东 烟台 264000;2.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室, 山东 烟台 264006

摘要:
为了解调水调沙期间黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构的动态变化，作者分别于2011年和2018年黄河调水调沙期间（6月—7月），利用大型浮游生物网对该海域的鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行表层水平拖网调查。结果表明：2011年3个航次共采集鱼卵1 280粒，仔稚鱼5 973尾，隶属于7目11科13属；2018年3个航次共采集鱼卵4 104粒，仔稚鱼237尾，隶属于7目11科13属。优势种以斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）、鳀（Engraulis japonicus）和赤鼻棱鳀（Thryssa kammalensis）等短生命周期、低营养层级的小型中上层鱼类为主。靠近黄河入海口处站位的鱼卵、仔稚鱼密度相对较高，鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布范围向黄河入海口门处集中。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的多样性指数在调水调沙过程中出现波动，过后又恢复至调水调沙前水平。环境因子Pearson相关性分析表明，鱼卵数量与环境因子间无显著相关性（P0.05），仔稚鱼数量与叶绿素a的含量呈极显著正相关（R=0.870，P<0.01）。两个年度调查结果对比发现，总体来说调查期间黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类数变化不大，在适温类型组成上均以暖温种为主；2018年鱼卵、仔稚鱼采集数量均小于2011年，但是鱼卵、仔稚鱼的均匀度指数（J’）和多样性指数（H’）均大于2011年，除6月上旬航次外，其他两个航次丰富度指数（D）也均大于2011年。本研究补充了黄河口及邻近海域鱼类早期补充资源的基础数据，旨为黄河口邻近海域及渤海的渔业资源评估和养护提供依据。
关键词:黄河口鱼卵仔稚鱼种类组成数量分布优势种多样性指数
DOI：10.11759/hykx20210406002
分类号:S931.1
基金项目:山东省自然科学基金重点项目（ZR2020KE050）；烟台市科技创新发展计划（2021XDHZ053）

Species composition and community structure of ichthyoplankton in coastal waters of Huanghe estuary
XU Hua¹, WANG Bin², ZHANG Cong¹, LI Fan², YANG Yan-yan²
1.Yantai Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Yantai 264000, China;2.Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
Abstract:
This study aimed to understand the dynamic changes of species composition and distribution pattern of ichthyoplankton in Huanghe estuary and adjacent waters during water and sediment diversion in the Huanghe River. Three surveys were conducted between 119°00'-119°40'E and 37°40'-38°09'N from June to July in 2011 and 2018, respectively. A large plankton net was used at 13 stations in 2011 and 18 stations in 2018 to collect ichthyoplankton by the horizontal surface trawl. The results revealed that 1 280 eggs and 5 973 larvae belonging to 7 orders, 11 families, and 13 genera were collected in 2011. In 2018, 4 104 eggs and 237 larvae belonging to 7 orders, 11 families, and 13 genera were collected. The dominant species were small pelagic fish with a short life cycle and low trophic levels, such as Konosirus punctatus,Engraulis japonicas, and Thryssa kammalensis. The density of ichthyoplankton near the Huanghe estuary is relatively high. The distribution of ichthyoplankton was concentrated at the gate of Huanghe estuary. The diversity index of ichthyoplankton in the survey area fluctuated during water and sediment diversion and returned to its initial level. Pearson correlation revealed that there was no significant correlation between the number of eggs and environmental factors. In contrast, there was a significant positive correlation between the number of larvae and the content of chlorophyll (R=0.870, P < 0.01). The number of ichthyoplankton in the study area changed little during these surveys. Warm temperature species were the main species. The number of ichthyoplankton collected in 2018 was less than that in 2011; however, the evenness index and diversity index of ichthyoplankton were greater than that in 2011. The richness index of the other two surveys in 2018 was also greater than that in 2011, except for the survey in early June. This study supplements the data of fish early replenishment resources in the Huanghe estuary and adjacent waters, which provides a basis for the assessment and conservation of fishery resources in the study area and the Bohai Sea.
Key words:Huanghe estuaryfish egglarvaespecies compositionquantity distributiondominant speciesdiversity index





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