孙棋棋^1,2,3, 宋金明^1,2,3,4, 袁华茂^1,2,3,4, 李学刚^1,2,3,4
1.中国科学院海洋研究所 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;2.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266237;3.中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心, 山东 青岛 266071;4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

摘要:
细菌源3-羟基脂肪酸（C₁₀-C₁₈）作为环境变化指示指标具有良好的应用前景，但相关研究还很不系统，在海洋环境中的应用刚刚起步。3-羟基脂肪酸主要用于环境中pH和温度的重建，通过其支链比（异构和反异构3-羟基脂肪酸之和/正构3-羟基脂肪酸之和）与pH的显著正相关关系反演环境中的pH，通过其C₁₅和C₁₇同系物的反异构/正构比（RAN₁₅和RAN₁₇）与大气年均温的显著负相关关系反演环境中的温度，相比基于甘油二烷基甘油四醚类化合物或其他生物标志物的环境代用指标具有明显的优势。然而，陆地生态系统中基于3-羟基脂肪酸的环境指标不适用于海洋环境，最新研究提出了基于3-羟基脂肪酸的新的海洋温度指标（RAN₁₃），而3-羟基脂肪酸作为海洋环境中pH替代指标的成功应用尚未见报道。3-羟基脂肪酸与特定细菌群落的空间耦合或菌株培养实验显示含有3-羟基脂肪酸的细菌可能主要是变形菌、蓝细菌等。分析表明，3-羟基脂肪酸作为全球环境演变有效的替代指标需要更多的数据和证据支持，未来可从海洋适用性、新指标体系和微生物来源几个方面展开继续研究。
关键词:3-羟基脂肪酸革兰氏阴性细菌环境变化代用指标温度pH
DOI：10.11759/hykx20200916001
分类号:O623
基金项目:中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心重点部署项目（COMS2019Q12）；山东省重大科技创新工程专项（2018SDKJ0504-1）；中国科学院战略先导性专项（XDA23050501）

Bacterial 3-hydroxy fatty acids as a biomarker of environmental change
SUN Qi-qi^1,2,3, SONG Jin-ming^1,2,3,4, YUAN Hua-mao^1,2,3,4, LI Xue-gang^1,2,3,4
1.Key laboratory of marine ecology and environmental sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;3.Center for Ocean Meta-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:
The bacteria-derived 3-hydroxy fatty acid (C₁₀-C₁₈) has a good application prospect as a biomarker of environmental changes, but the related research is still not systematic, and its application in the marine environment has just started. 3-hydroxy fatty acid is mainly used for the reconstruction of the pH and temperature in the environment, through the significant postitive correlation between its branching ratios (the ratios of the sum of iso and anteiso to the total normal 3-hydroxy fatty acids) and pH to inverse the pH in the environment, through the significant negative correlations between the average annual atmospheric temperature and the ratios of the anteiso to normal 3-hydroxy fatty acids of the C₁₅ or C₁₇ homologues (RAN₁₅ and RAN₁₇) to inverse the temperature in the environment. 3-hydroxyl fatty acids have significant advantages over environmental proxies based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) or other biomarkers. However, the environmental proxies based on 3-hydroxy fatty acids in terrestrial ecosystems are not applicable to the marine environment. A new marine temperature index (RAN₁₃) based on 3-hydroxy fatty acids has been proposed in the latest research. However, the successful application of 3-hydroxy fatty acids as a proxy of pH in the marine environment has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. According to strain culture experiments or coupling of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and specific bacterial communities, the bacterial 3-hydroxy fatty acids presumably originated from bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The analysis shows that more data and evidence are needed to support 3-hydroxy fatty acids as effective proxies of global environmental change, and further research can be carried out from the aspects of marine applicability, new indicator system and microbial sources of 3-hydroxy fatty acids in the future.
Key words:3-hydroxy fatty acidsGram-negative bacteriaenvironmental proxiestemperaturepH





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