陈伟峰¹, 彭 欣², 叶 深², 谢起浪^1,2, 陈少波^1,2, 汪振华³, 陈 骁⁴
1.温州医科大学 生命科学学院;2.浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所;3.上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院;4.华南农业大学 海洋学院

摘要:
作者根据2015年11月(秋季)、2016年2月(冬季)、2016年5月(春季)和2016年8月(夏季)对浙南近海进行的渔业资源调查数据, 用生物量作为虾类资源分布的数量指标, 对该海域虾类的组成、数量分布以及季节变化进行分析。结果显示: 该区域共鉴定出虾类30种, 隶属于10科21属, 以对虾科(Penaeidae)虾类最多, 其次为管鞭虾科(Solenoceridae), 长臂虾科(Palaemonida)位居第3位。按季节来看, 秋季共鉴定虾类27种, 各站位平均生物量为6.97kg/km², 优势种为凹陷管鞭虾(Solenocera koelbeli)、中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)和中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)等3种; 冬季鉴定出虾类25种, 平均生物量为1.65 kg/km², 优势种为凹陷管鞭虾、扁足异对虾(Atypopenaeus stenodactylus)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)、鲜明鼓虾(Alpheus digitalis)、中国毛虾、中华管鞭虾和周氏新对虾(Metapenaeusjoyneri)等7种; 春季20种, 平均生物量为2.22 kg/km², 优势种为戴氏赤虾(Metapenaeopsis dalei)、东海红虾(Metapenaeopsis dalei)和中华管鞭虾等3种; 夏季16 , 平均生物量为10.36 kg/km², 优势种有鹰爪虾(Trachysalambria curvirostris)和中华管鞭虾等2种。Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)秋季均低于冬季。秋冬季受到浙闽沿岸流影响, 温度、盐度相对较低, 夏季受到台湾暖流外侧影响, 温度、盐度相对较高, 且各季节间由于瓯江、椒江、飞云江、鳌江等陆源性冲淡水的影响, 盐度、温度变化相对较大, 使得该区域的物种不得不适应一个跨度较大的温盐范围, 广温广盐性种类为主。
关键词:浙南近海虾类群落结构多样性
DOI：10.11759/hykx20170801001
分类号:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区项目(41666008); 广西科学院基本科研业务费项目(15YJ22HSL09)

Community structure and diversity of shrimp species in the coastal area of south Zhejiang
CHEN Wei-feng,PENG Xin,YE Shen,XIE Qi-lang,CHEN Shao-bo,WANG Zhen-hua,CHEN Xiao
Abstract:
Based on the results of investigation of fishery resources in the coastal area of south Zhejiang conducted during November 2015 (autumn), February 2016 (winter), May 2016 (spring), and August 2016 (summer), the composition, quantity, and the variation of shrimp species were analyzed and reported using biomass as the quantity index of the distribution of shrimp resources. A total of 30 species of shrimps were identified in this area, which belonged to 21 genera and 10 families. The majority of species belonged to Solenoceridae, followed by Penaeidae and Palaemonidae. In autumn, the average biomass of each station was 6.97 kg/km², and there were 27 species of shrimps identified in this season, among which the dominant species included Solenocera koelbeli, Acetes chinensis, and Solenocera crassicornis. In winter, the average biomass of each station was lower (1.65 kg/km²) than that in autumn. A total of 25 species of shrimps were caught in winter, with the dominant species being Solenocera koelbeli, Atypopenaeus stenodactylus, Alpheus japonicus, Alpheus digitalis, Acetes chinensis, Solenocera crassicornis, and Metapenaeus joyneri. In spring, the average biomass of each station was 2.22 kg/km², and a total of 20 species of shrimps were caught, among which the dominant species included Metapenaeopsis dalei, Metapenaeopsis dalei, and Solenocera crassicornis. In summer, the average biomass was 10.36 kg/km², and 16 shrimp species were caught, among which Trachysalambria curvirostris and Solenocera crassicornis were dominant. In autumn, the Margalef index (D), the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), and the Pielou’s evenness index (J′) were lower than those in winter. The temperature and salinity were relatively low in summer and winter under the influence of the Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current, whereas they were relatively high in summer under the influence of the Taiwan Warm Current. The changes in salinity and temperature were relatively large due to the effects of land-based dilution water, such as Oujiang, Jiaojiang, Feiyunjiang, and Aojiang. This makes the species of this region to adapt to a large range of temperature and salinity and become eurythermal and eurysaline communities.
Key words:South of Zhejiangcoastal areashrimpcommunity structurediversity





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