谢友柏

上海交通大学 机械与动力工程学院， 上海 200240； 西安交通大学 机械工程学院， 西安 710049

出版日期:2019-07-28发布日期:2019-08-02

作者简介:谢友柏（1933-），男，江苏省高邮市人，教授，中国工程院院士，主要研究领域为设计科学， E-mail：ybxie@mail.sjtu.edu.cn.
基金资助:国家自然科学基金（59990470，50935004，51575342）资助项目

Design Science

XIE Youbai

School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Online:2019-07-28Published:2019-08-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于代表性学术观点的变化对设计，特别是以设计科学为命题的研究的发展历程进行了分析.该历程表现为从关注设计方法到研究知识在设计中的行为，从研究物质产品的设计到认为物质产品、精神产品和社会产品都应该遵循同样的公理进行设计.进一步的研究表明：设计本质上是一个知识流动、集成、竞争和进化的过程，而知识在社会上流动所产生的对设计竞争力的影响大于其在设计师（或团队）头脑中流动所产生的影响，特别是对于创新的影响；完成一个成功的设计，不仅仅需要设计的过程知识，而且需要设计的构成知识，因而提出了知识供给和知识高效运用的诸多问题；设计不仅仅是技术问题，更是具有极其重要社会影响的问题，设计有必须共同遵守的原则.在此基础上，针对一个需求-功能-结构-行为（RFSB）设计模型展开研究，其中：功能知识集成算法已经取得较大的进展；而结构知识集成则由于结构知识十分复杂而尚未获得合适的知识表达方案，需要人工参与.
关键词: 设计, 知识, 创新, 设计科学, 需求-功能-结构-行为（RFSB）模型
Abstract: Based on analyzing the variation of representative academic viewpoints, the developing trends of design studies, especially on the theme of design science are given. The trends present as changing from paying attention to the methodology of design to investigating the knowledge behavior in design, and from studying the design of material products to considering that either the design of material products, mental products or social products should follow similar design axioms. Our further studies show that the design is essentially a process of knowledge flow, knowledge integration, knowledge competitiveness and knowledge evolution, the influence on the design competitive power of the knowledge flow in society is greater than that in the brains of designers (or teams) especially in innovation and creation. Successful designs need not only process knowledge but also constitution knowledge and then arise the problems of providing knowledge and utilizing knowledge efficiently in design. Design is not only a technical issue but also a very influential social issue, and therefore there are common tenets which must be followed in all designs. On these bases, a requirement-function-structure-behavior (RFSB) framework of design is in progress. Good results have been obtained in the algorithm of integrating function knowledge, and there are still difficulties in integrating structure knowledge. Main problems come from no appropriate scheme because of the complexity of modeling structure knowledge, which requires human participation.
Key words: design, knowledge, innovation, design science, requirement-function-structure-behavior (RFSB) framework


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