KCJJ"本课程介绍神经生物学的基础知识及最新研究成果，着重在细胞和分子的水平讲授神经系统最基本的功能活动---神经元突触传递的过程及其调节机制（即突触可塑性）。神经系统的主要功能是对信息的传递，整合和调控，这些都是通过突触传递完成的，因此对突触传递机制的理解是认识神经系统功能的前提。本课程内容主要分两个部分。第一部分介绍神经生物学的基础知识：神经系统中两类主要细胞---神经元和胶质细胞的形态结构特征；神经系统传递信息的基本结构与功能单位---突触的结构、分子组成、分类及功能；神经元中特有的蛋白质合成和转运过程；参与突触传递的神经递质与神经递质受体的基本特性、合成、代谢及功能等。第二部分着重介绍突触传递的过程及分子机制：包括神经元兴奋性产生的基础；动作电位的扩布；电信号传至轴突末梢后转化为神经递质释放的过程、分子机制及调节机制；承载神经递质的突触囊泡在轴突末梢处的循环过程及它对突触传递的影响。同时本课程还回顾神经元、突触及突触传递的发现史，介绍神经生物学常用的研究方法，以及该领域的最新研究进展。"

KCJJY"This course is a component of the graduate curriculum designed to provide an overview of cellular and molecular aspects of neuroscience. This course emphasizes on synaptic plasticity, the modulation mechanisms of synaptic transmission at cellular and molecular level. It is known that information transaction, summation and modulation in neuron system are mediated by synaptic transmission and thus to known how this process progressed to become main concern in fundamental neuroscience.This course includes two parts. The first is to introduce the basic concept of neurobiology, including the structure and morphology of two major neuronal cells, neurons and glia; the structure, molecular components and function of synapses; the synthesis and trafficking of neuronal proteins; and the characteristic, synthesis, metabolism and function of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors, etc. The second part is to introduce the general process of synaptic transmission and relevant molecular mechanisms, including the generation and propagation of action potential, the process of neurotransmitter release and relevant molecular and modulation mechanisms, the neuromodulation of synaptic transmission and the synaptic plasticity. This course also introduces the investigation history of neurons, synapses and synaptic transmission, relevant methods applied in neuroscience research and new progress of modern neurobiology in this research area."