摘要/Abstract

大环分子如环糊精、冠醚等因具备独特的空腔结构, 能够通过主-客体相互作用实现对分子、离子的特异性识别, 因此常被应用于人工跨膜离子传输系统的研究和开发. 与天然的通道蛋白相比, 大环分子具有价格低廉、性质稳定、结构易于修饰和功能化等诸多优点, 因而备受科研工作者们的关注. 本综述详细介绍了大环分子在人工离子通道领域中的研究进展, 按照不同的大环分子进行分类, 系统归纳了基于大环结构的人工跨膜通道的制备方法、结构调控以及其在生物医药领域中的潜在应用. 最后对大环类人工离子通道做了简要的总结和展望, 该综述对于发展新型人工离子通道以及发掘其潜在的应用价值具有重要意义.
关键词: 大环分子, 离子识别, 跨膜通道, 结构调控, 生物应用
Macrocycles such as cyclodextrin and crown ether are applied to construct artificial transmembrane ion transport systems owing to their unique cavity structure and the ability to recognize molecules and ions via host-guest interaction. Compared with natural channel proteins, macrocycles have many advantages, such as the low cost, stabilities, easy structural modification and functionalization, etc., which make them preferable candidates for preparing artificial ion channel. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of macrocycles-based artificial ion channels, and systematically summarized the preparation methods, structural regulation and potential applications of the artificial ion channels based on different macrocycles. Finally, we have briefly summarized and outlooked the progress of macrocycle-based artificial ion channels. This review is of great significance for developing novel artificial transmembrane ion channels and exploring their potential applications.
Key words: macrocycle, ion recognition, transmembrane channel, structural regulation, biological application


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