摘要/Abstract

生命起源问题一直受到科研工作者的广泛关注，合成生物学家致力于构建较为简单且在原始地球条件下合理的隔室体系来模拟原始细胞.凝聚体是聚合物间静电相互作用所产生的的相分离体系，是一种可能的原始细胞结构，广泛应用于人造细胞的构建.同时，目前很多研究发现这种凝聚体在细胞内构成多种亚细胞器结构，因此对于凝聚体作为人造细胞器的研究也开始兴起.作者详细综述了凝聚体的形成机理、特性和分类，并且针对凝聚体作为人造细胞器和人造细胞的研究进行了总结，归纳概括了该领域发展仍需解决的科学问题，并对该领域的发展进行了展望.
关键词: 凝聚体, 人造细胞, 液液相分离, 静电相互作用, 人造细胞器, 群体行为
The origin of life attracts more and more attentions of researchers. Synthetic biologists are devoting to construct a simple and rational system which can exist in primitive earth. Coacervate is a phase separation system which is formed by the interactions of polyelectrolyte. It's a rational protocell model. So far, coacervate has been found to present as membraneless organelles in natural cells. Therefore, the construction of coacervate as artificial organelles is emerging. The formation mechanism, characteristics and categories of coacervate are reviewed in this paper. Additionally, the applications of coacervate as protocell and artificial organelles are summarized. The existing scientific problems and the future development directions are provided at the end of this paper.
Key words: coacervate, artificial cells, liquid/liquid phase separation, electrostatic interaction, artificial organelle, collective behavior


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