摘要/Abstract
有机太阳能电池在近年来发展十分迅速.其中，叠层器件结构的出现，有利于拓展太阳光响应范围，减少过热激子引起的能量损耗，为改善器件性能提供了可能.有机光伏领域内，叠层器件光伏效率的提升源自于所使用材料结构的改善以及器件制备工艺的发展.因此，本综述着眼于叠层器件中使用的材料、中间层结构、器件构型构筑、性能表征及应用领域等方面，系统总结了近年来领域内的代表性成果，并针对未来高性能叠层器件对材料和结构的要求做出了展望.
关键词: 叠层有机太阳能电池, 中间层, 活性层, 加工方法, 测试方法
Organic solar cells have been developing quite rapidly in the past two decades. Tang fabricated the first organic solar cell with planar heterojunction in 1986, while the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was only 1%. The PCE of single-junction organic solar cell has increased to over 17% in 2019. However, the single-junction solar cells are limited in performance by the severe energy loss. Tandem organic solar cells that use an interconnecting layer connecting two sub-cells provide the possibility of optimizing the devices performance. The two different active layers of sub-cells have non-overlapping light absorption scales, which make the light utilized more adequately. Therefore, the tandem architecture of devices can extend the light absorption within the solar spectrum and effectively reduce energy loss resulting from thermalization loss and transmission loss. According to Shockley and Queisser's calculation, the limitation of the PCE of a tandem solar cell is 42%, which is higher than 33.8% of a single-junction solar cell. In organic photovoltaics field, the developments of the tandem solar cells benefit from the optimization of active layers, interconnecting layers and construction methods. These achievements have resulted in higher PCEs and the devices approaching practical application. At present, the highest PCE of tandem organic solar cell is 17.3% obtained by Chen's group in 2018, but it is still far from the PCE limitation. According to Kirchhoff's law, the open-circuit voltage (VOC) in series tandem cells is theoretically equal to the sum of the VOCs of sub-cells, and the short-circuit current (JSC) in parallel cells is equal to the sum of the JSCs of sub-cells. Hence, the series tandem solar cells still face with the challenge of the unmatched JSCs and the complexed processing methods. Here, this review mainly focuses on the materials used in tandem solar cells, the structure of the interconnecting layers, the processing methods, the measurement methods and the applications. The critical achievements on tandem organic solar cells in recent years and the progress of larger scale, flexible tandem devices are summarized in this review. It also presents the outlooks of the high performance tandem solar cells based on the material and structure requirements.
Key words: tandem organic solar cell, interconnecting layer, active layer, processing method, measurement method
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