摘要/Abstract
C4～C6碳氢化合物作为重要的化工原料和能源，在传统的石化工业生产中，主要通过精馏进行分离提纯，此过程能耗高、设备费用昂贵、经济效益低.利用固体吸附剂进行吸附式分离，不仅可以降低能源成本，而且可以提高效率.金属有机框架（metal-organic frameworks，MOFs）作为一类由金属离子或团簇和有机单体组装而成的晶态多孔材料，具有高孔隙率、规整开放的孔道、丰富的官能团和多样的结构，在气体储存与分离中有着良好的应用前景.介绍了C4～C6碳氢化合物分离的重要性，并从MOFs分离机制出发，概述了目前MOF材料用于分离纯化C4～C6碳氢化合物的分离机理和研究进展，为开发新型具有良好分离性能的MOF材料提供研究思路.
关键词: C4～C6碳氢化合物, 金属有机框架材料, 吸附, 分离, 纯化
As important chemical raw materials and energy source, C4~C6 hydrocarbons are mainly used to produce polymer rubber, plastics and high-quality gasoline, which requires high purity of the raw materials. For example, the purity requirement in 1,3-butadiene polymerization reactor is higher than 99.5%. When producing butyl rubber, tert-butylamine, pivalic acid, etc., the purity of isobutylene should surpass 99%. In the traditional petrochemical industry, C4~C6 hydrocarbons are mostly separated and purified through distillation, yet suffering from large energy consumption, high equipment cost and poor economic benefits. Adsorption separation with solid adsorbents can not only reduce energy cost and environmental footprints, but also improve separation efficiency. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials assembled from metal ions or clusters and organic linkers. Compared with zeolite, activated carbon and silica gel, MOFs feature high porosity, well-defined open channels, rich functional groups and diverse structures, showing great potentials in gas storage and separation, sensing, catalysis, photoelectric devices, drug release and delivery. Up to now, there have been many reports on separation and purification of C4~C6 hydrocarbons using MOFs by different mechanisms. Specifically, highly selective separation can be achieved by precisely adjusting the size and shape of the MOF channels to match the size of the target molecule. Besides, selecting MOFs with specific functional groups, open metal sites or flexible skeletons to regulate the interactions between the gas molecules and backbone, can also achieve efficient separation. This review introduced the importance of C4~C6 hydrocarbons separation and summarized the current research progress of using MOFs to separate and purify C4~C6 hydrocarbons. In addition, we also summed up the challenges of using MOFs as industrial adsorbents and pointed out the possible research directions in the future, which may provide ideas for designing new MOFs with high performance for crucial separation processes.
Key words: metal-organic frameworks, C4～C6 hydrocarbons, adsorption, separation, purification
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