摘要/Abstract

氰根离子对于哺乳动物来说具有很强的毒性，因为它会影响人体许多正常的功能，比如血管、视觉、中枢神经、心脏、内分泌和代谢系统.此外，含氰的盐类化合物仍然在人类的生产生活中广泛使用，特别是在电镀和塑料制造业、黄金和白银开采、制革工业、冶金等方面，从而导致了环境的污染.因此，人工合成的氰根选择性受体或荧光传感器在阴离子识别领域引起了广泛的关注.由于化学传感器具有合成方法简单、廉价、响应速度快，以及与氰根反应前后比色和/或荧光变化等优点，因此在过去的数十年中，被广大科研工作者深入研究.根据在不同介质中的氰根离子响应，本文从四个方面总结了2010年以来氰根离子传感器的研究进展：（1）纯有机相中的氰根离子识别，（2）含水介质中的氰根离子识别，（3）纯水相中的氰根离子识别，（4）固相中的氰根离子识别.这些传感器针对在溶液中和固体材料中氰根离子的检测，以及对氰根离子裸眼检测的研究，从而实现了在环境以及食物样品中方便、快捷地实时检测氰根离子.
关键词: 氰根识别, 不同介质, 环境和食物样品, 应用工具
Cyanide ion has strong toxicity for mammals, because it can affect many normal function of body, such as blood vessels, visual, as well as central nervous system, heart, endocrine and metabolic system. In addition, the cyanide salts are widely used in the production of human life, especially in electroplating and plastic manufacturing, mining, gold and silver leather industry, metallurgy, etc., which resulting in the pollution of environment. Therefore, the artificial cyanide selective receptor or fluorescent sensor has attracted widely attention in the field of anionic recognition. Due to the advantages of simple synthesis method, low cost, fast response, colorimetry and/or fluorescence change before and after reaction with cyanide, chemical sensors have been deeply studied by many researchers in the past decades. Based on the reaction of cyanide ions in different media, the research progress of cyanide sensors is summarized since 2010 from four aspects:(1) identification of cyanide in pure organic phase, (2) identification of cyanide ions in aqueous media, (3) identification of cyanide ions in pure water phase, and (4) identification of cyanide ions in solid phase. These sensors for cyanide in solution and solid material test and detect cyanide by naked eyes, which realizes the convenient, fast and real-time detection of cyanide in environmental and food samples.
Key words: cyanide identification, different media, environmental and food samples, application tools


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