人格和抑郁症：理论模型与行为-脑研究综述
李彧^1,2, 位东涛^1,2, 孙江洲^1,2, 蒙杰^1,2, 任芷葶^1,2, 何李³, 庄恺祥^1,2, 邱江^1,2,*
1西南大学认知与人格教育部重点实验室，重庆 400715；²西南大学心理学部，重庆 400715；³重庆师范大学教育科学学院，重庆 401331
摘要
解析人格和抑郁症的关系能够帮助亚临床预防措施与临床治疗方案的制定，加之人格与多种精神疾病相关，而抑郁症与其他精神疾病多存在共病，那么揭示人格和抑郁症的病理关系，亦可帮助理解抑郁症共病的潜在病理机制。本文首先介绍当前人格和抑郁症关系研究的实证成果，从行为与认知神经机制方面探讨两者的关系，然后总结人格与抑郁关系的解释模型。最后是对当前研究的总结与未来研究的展望。总的来看，高神经质、低外向性、低责任心以及其他相关特质(沉浸、自我批判、依赖性等)与抑郁症有着中到强的相关关系。其中神经质最受关注，在一定程度上可以预示抑郁症的发作，影响抑郁症的病程和治疗。而其他特质能够调节消极情绪/神经质与抑郁症之间的关系，比如，积极情绪/外向性与主动控制/责任心，并且在抑郁症发作前后，神经质可能会有改变，外向性似乎不会发生改变。
关键词： 人格特质; 抑郁症; 神经质; 外向性; 神经机制
分类号：B845.1;B848.1

Personality and depression: A review of theory model and behavior and neural mechanism
LI Yu^1,2, WEI Dong-Tao^1,2, SUN Jiang-Zhou^1,2, MENG Jie^1,2, REN Zhi-Ting^1,2, HE Li³, ZHUANG Kai-Xiang^1,2, QIU Jiang^1,2,*
1Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China；²Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China；³School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
Abstract
The analysis of the relationship between personality and depression can facilitate the development of subclinical preventive measures and clinical treatment schemes. Moreover, the personality is associated with a variety of mental diseases, and there is substantial comorbidity between depression and some other mental diseases. So, to reveal pathological relationships between personality and depression is helpful to understand the etiology of the comorbidity between depression and multiple mental disorders. In this review, we first summarize the empirical researches on the relationship between personality and depression from the aspects of behavior and neural mechanisms, and then discuss the hypothetical model to explain the relationship between personality and depression. In a word, high neuroticism, low extroversion and conscientiousness, and other related traits (rumination, self-criticism, dependency, etc.) have a moderate to strong correlation with depression. Among them, neuroticism is the most concerned. To a certain extent, it can predict the onset of depression and affect the duration and treatment outcome of depression. Other traits, such as positive emotionality/ extroversion and effortful control/responsibility, can moderate the relationship between negative emotionality/neuroticism and depression. And after the onset of depression, the neuroticism may change, but the extroversion does not seem to change.


Key words: personality traits; depression; neuroticism; extraversion; neuromechanism

收稿日期：2018-09-15　　录用日期：2018-10-09
通讯作者：邱江　　E-mail: qiuj318@swu.edu.cn
DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2018.0101
引用本文：
李彧, 位东涛, 孙江洲, 蒙杰, 任芷葶, 何李, 庄恺祥, 邱江. 人格和抑郁症：理论模型与行为-脑研究综述[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (1): 163-172.
LI Yu, WEI Dong-Tao, SUN Jiang-Zhou, MENG Jie, REN Zhi-Ting, HE Li, ZHUANG Kai-Xiang, QIU Jiang. Personality and depression: A review of theory model and behavior and neural mechanism. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (1): 163-172 (in Chinese with English abstract).



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