Unit 3

64

2008-1-4 11:54:21

Word derivation
1. Don't look down upon those _____ nations of Africa. (emergency)
2. She won't believe it in spite of all our _____ . (reassure)
3. I looked at my father in _____. (panic)
4. A church service is often concluded with a _____. (blessed)
5. We are looking forward to his visit with keen _____ .(anticipate)
6. I am _____ at the moment, but I will be able to pay you next month. (embarrass)
7. Cool autumn days make us feel _____ .(energy)
8. Friends are only _____ to the principal purpose of our visit there. (incident)

Phrasal verbs
1. If we _____ , success is certain. (pull)
2. The driver _____ at the garage. (pull)
3. The police _____  his pockets but found nothing. (go)
4. It was too bad. One of the plane's engines _____ .(go)
5. You can _____ and let others work. (sit)
6. Don't _____ for me if I am late. (sit)
7. He was a real gentleman because he was well _____ . (bring)
8. How did you _____ with cheating? (get)

Translation
1. 吉普车转向左边,撞上一棵树。（swerve）
2. 她轻轻地捏了一下婴儿的手。（squeeze）
3. 他的同事对他的帮助都是很感激的。（indebted）
4. 孩子们互相竞争,看谁首先抵达池子的另一端。（compete）
5. 看起来会议没完没了。（as if）
6. 他几乎马上就开始抱怨起他的工作。（complain）
7. 没有人能证明他当时不在场。（witness）
8. 这个德语词没有英语对应词。（equivalent）

Grammar exercises
Supply the right answer from the two choices given in brackets.
1. We needn't get ready yet; the guests _____ (mustn't, shouldn't ) come for another hour.
2. They _____ (should have been, could have been) here long before now. They may have lost their way.
3. Two bags which _____ (must have gone, should have gone) to Rome were at this moment being loaded aboard a flight to Moscow.
4. If he had started at nine o'clock he _____ (ought to have been, can have been) in London by eleven o'clock.
5. I wonder why she hasn't written us lately. We _____ (could have heard, should have heard) from her by now.

Reading
　　Believe it or not,optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes,called chevrons (人字形)painted on the roads make drivers think that they are d riving faster than they really are,and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to rep eat Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation .To help reduce those accidents,the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed - related hazards are the greatest - curves,exit slopes,traffic circles,and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight,horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However,traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar. Chevrons,scientists say,not only give drivers the impress ion that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

1. The passage mainly discusses _____.
    A) a new way of highway speed control
    B) a new pattern for painting highways
    C) a new approach to training drivers
    D) a new type of optical illusion

2. On roads painted with chevrons drivers tend to feel that _____.
    A) they should avoid speed - related hazards
    B) they are driving in the wrong lane
    C) they should slow down their speed
    D) they are approaching the speed limit

3. The advantage of chevrons over straight,horizontal bars is that the former _____.
    A) can keep drivers awake
    B) can cut road accidents in half
    C) will have a longer effect on drivers
    D) will look more attractive

4. The American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to _____.
    A) try out the Japanese method in certain areas
    B) change the road signs across the country
    C) replace straight,horizontal bars with chevrons
    D) repeat the Japanese road patterns

5. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
    A) They are falling out of use in the United States.
    B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.
    C) They are applicable only on broad roads.
    D) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.

Unit 3

65

2008-1-4 11:54:21

Key for Unit 3

Word derivation
1. emergent    2. reassurances    3. panic    4. blessing 
5. anticipation    6. embarrassed    7. energetic     8. incidental

Phrasal verbs
1. pull together   2. pulled in   3.went through   4. went out
5. sit back   6.sit up   7. brought up   8. get away

Translation
1. The jeep swerved to the left and bumped a tree.
2. She gave the hand of the baby a gentle squeeze.
3. His colleagues have indebted to him for his assistance.
4. The children competed with each other to reach the other end of the pool.
5. It seemed as if the meeting would never end.
6. Almost immediately he began to complain about his job.
7. None could witness that he was not present.
8. This is a German word with no equivalent in English.

Grammar
2-1-2-2-1

Reading
ACCAB