Prof. CHAN Chung-shing (Johnson) Assistant Professor B.S.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D. (CUHK)
(852) 3943-6233 ccs_johnson@cuhk.edu.hk





RESEARCH PROJECTS Research Projects
Principal Investigator/Supervisor:
Community-based Narratives and Public Experiential Engagement for Cultural and Historical Heritage Conservation and Revitalisation of Yim Tin Tsai, Sai Kung. Principal Investigator; Countryside Conservation Funding Scheme: Research Activities on Countryside Conservation and Revitalisation of Environmental Protection Department, HKSAR Government (Project No.: EP86/27/24/11-12)), 01/01/2022-30/06/2024, HK$$2,632,500
Developing a sustainable city brand for Hong Kong based on local brand equity of green-creative-smart city. Principal Investigator; Public Policy Research (PPR) Funding Scheme, Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office (PICO), HKSAR Government, 15/11/2021-14/02/2023, HK$722,027.5
Enhancing the experience of visitors with impairment through virtual technology and smart devices: A study of visitors with hearing impairment (HI) on Yim Tin Tsai Island in Hong Kong. Principal Investigator; General Research Fund, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, 01/01/2022-30/06/2024, HK$963,890
Investigating accessible tourism as a sustainable tourism development strategy: Lesson learnt from Oita Prefecture, Japan. Principal Investigator; Endowment Fund Research Grant 2019-20, United College, CUHK, 01/2020-12/2021, HK$15,000
Investigating hearing-impaired visitor experience in Hong Kong Wetland Park from a perspective of a multi-sensory functional landscape. Principal Investigator; General Research Fund, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, 01/01/2020-30/06/2022, HK$678,150
Identifying the role of tourism in the process of natural disaster recovery: Comparison between earthquake recovery in Kumamoto Prefecture and Hokkaido Prefecture. Principal Investigator; Sumitomo Foundation Fiscal 2018 Grant?for Japan-related Research Project, 01/04/2019-31/06/2020, JPY900,000/~HK$63,100
Are cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area development attractive to university students in Hong Kong? From perceived image to locational decisions. Principal Investigator; Public Policy Research (PPR) Funding Scheme, Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office (PICO), HKSAR Government, 01/03/2019-31/05/2020, HK$399,044
Comparing the paths from perceived image to locational decisions by Hong Kong and Shenzhen university students across cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Principal Investigator; Communication Department of the CCP in Shenzhen Municipality and Shenzhen Federation of Social Sciences, 21/09/2018-20/09/2019, RMB180,000
Investigating international university students as hosts for Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) travel through perspectives a comparative study between Hong Kong and Innsbruck. Principal Investigator, Direct Grant, CUHK Research Committee Funding, 07/2018-06/2020, HK$41,347
Investigating tourism as a strategy of recovery from natural disasters in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Principal Investigator; Endowment Fund Research Grant 2017-18, United College, CUHK, 04/2017-03/2019, HK$29,725
Achieving sustainable urban park management in Hong Kong through the development of indicators. Principal Investigator, Principal Investigator, Public Policy Research (PPR) Fund, Central Policy Unit (CPU), HKSAR Government, 08/2016-10/2017, HK$340,786
The position of Hong Kong in brand equity building: Green city, smart city or creative city?. Principal Investigator, Direct Grant, CUHK Research Committee Funding, 06/2015-12/2016, HK$65,010
Co-investigator/Co-supervisor:
Marine Conservation and Recreational Diving Activities in Marine Protected Areas of Hong Kong. Co-Investigator; Co-Investigator; General Research Fund, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (PI: Dr. Cheung Ting-on, Lewis; The Education University of Hong Kong, HK$593,494
Teaching Projects
Principal Investigator/Supervisor:
Virtual-Reality (VR) tourism mission game: An integrated platform of student engagement, e-Learning Management System and game-based learning. Principal Supervisor; Funding Scheme for Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL) (Supported by the Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant for the 2019-22 Triennium), CUHK, 01/09/2021-30/06/2023, HK$300,000
Mixed-Reality (MR) field trip game for innovative learning enhancement in Yim Tin Tsai in Hong Kong. Principal Supervisor; Courseware Development Grant Scheme 2019-22 – Round 2 (Supported by the Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG) for the 2019-22 Triennium), CUHK, 01/04/2021-31/01/2022, HK$100,000
Creating an innovative virtual field trip platform for online teaching-learning enhancement in tourism education. Principal Supervisor; Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG), (Special Funding Scheme for Online Learning), CUHK, 26/03/2020-25/12/2020, HK$100,000
Tripartite (teaching, learning and research) enhancement in tourism study: A scenario game approach. Principal Supervisor; Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG), CUHK, 01/2017-03/2019, HK$500,000
Co-investigator/Co-supervisor:
Virtual overseas field trips for geography teaching and learning. Co-Supervisor; Funding Scheme for Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL) (Supported by the Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant for the 2019-22 Triennium), CUHK, 01/07/2021-30/06/2023, HK$299,967
Contextualization the Use Zoom Online Platform in Teaching and Learning. Co-Supervisor; Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG), (Special Funding Scheme for Online Learning), CUHK, 01/04/2020-31/01/2021, HK$99,800
Active learning through an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment (IVR). Co-investigator; Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG), CUHK, 12/2016-07/2018, HK$800,000
Other Projects, e.g. Knowledge Transfer Projects
Co-investigator/Co-supervisor:
Visualizing the past, connecting to the present: Revitalization and sustainability of Shek-O community after natural disaster. Co-Leader; Knowledge Transfer Project Fund (KPF), CUHK, 01/04/2020-30/09/2021, HK$388,100


SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
Chan, C. S. (2022). A humanistic turn of place branding in public relations: From marketing to social science and sustainability perspective. In R. E. Brown, B. St. John III, & J. Z. Hou (Eds.), The global foundations of public relations: Humanism, China and the West (1^st ed.), 182-199. Oxon, UK: Routledge.
Chan, C. S., Chan, Y. H., & Fong, T. H. A. (2022). Promoting game-based e-Learning through urban tourism scenario game from the evaluation of knowledge-attitude-usability effectiveness. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 32(1), 16-35 [ESCI]
Zhang, S., Liu, J., Pei, T., Chan, C.S., Wang, M., & Meng, B. (2021). Tourism value assessment of linear cultural heritage: The case of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal in China. Current Issues in Tourism, DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2021.2014791 [SSCI: 4.147]
Zhao, M., Lu, H., Liang, J., & Chan, C. S. (2021). Evaluating green resource branding using user-generated content data: The case study of a greenway in eastern Guangzhou, China. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 66, 127395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127395 [SCI/SSCI: 4.537]
Chan, C. S., Pikkemaat, B., Agapito, D., & Zhou, Q. (2021). The connection between VFR experience based and socio-cultural dimensions of international students and mainland Chinese students. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research, in press, DOI: 10.1108/IJCTHR-03-2021-0063 [SJR: 0.567; Scopus: 3.1]
Chan, C. S. (2021). Developing a conceptual model for the post -COVID-19 Pandemic changing tourism risk perception. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9824. [SSCI: 3.390; SJR: 0.747; Scopus: 3.701]
Lu, J., Chan, C. S., & Cheung, J. (2021). Characterizing and shaping the formation process of embodied experience of Chinese outbound volunteer tourists. Journal of China Tourism Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2021.1972069 [SJR: 0.377; ESCI]
Chan, C. S., Si, F. H., & Shek, K. F. (2021). The status of urban park management components: An Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of major urban parks in Hong Kong. In J. A. Daniels (Ed.), Advances in Environmental Research, vol. 83 (pp. 221-246). New York, US: Nova Science Publishers.
Zhang, S., Liu, J., Song, C., Chan, C. S., Pei, T., Yu, W., & Zhang, Xin. (2021). Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and evolution mechanism of urban parks in Beijing, China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 64, 127265. [SSCI: 4.537]
Petry, T., Pikkemaat, B., Chan, C. S., & Scholl-Grissemann, U. (2021). Understanding students as hosts: moving beyond sightseeing. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research, in press. [SJR: 0.57]
Chan, C. S., & Peters, M. (2021). Investigating brand strategy gap in Hong Kong: First impressions and unique attractions. Asian Geographer, 38(1), 1-22. [SJR: 0.21]
Chan, C. S., Nozu, K., & Zhou, Q. (2021). Building destination resilience in tourism disaster management process from the experience of 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake in Japan. Tourism Recreation Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1881707 [SJR: 0.541]
Jiang, Q., Chan, C. S., Eichelberger, S., Ma, H., & Pikkemaat, B. (2021). Sentiment analysis of online destination image of Hong Kong held by mainland Chinese tourists. Current Issues in Tourism, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1874312 [SSCI: 4.147]
Chan, C. S., & Shek, K. F. (2020). Are Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area cities attractive to university students in Hong Kong? Leading the potential human capital from image perception to locational decisions. Journal of Place Management and Development, 14(4), 404-429. [SJR: 0.598]
Lu, J., Chan, C. S., & Cheung, J. (2020). Investigating volunteer tourist experience in Embodiment Theory: A study of Mainland Chinese market. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 37(7), 854-869. [SSCI: 4.097]
Chan, C. S., Nozu, K., & Zhou, Q. (2020). Tourism stakeholder perspective for disaster-management process and resilience: The case of the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake in Japan. Sustainability, 12(19), 7882. [SSCI: 2.576]
Chan, C. S., Chan, Y. H., & Fong, T. H. A. (2020). The effectiveness of online scenario game for ecotourism education from knowledge-attitude-usability dimensions. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100264. [SSCI: 1.439]
Marafa, L. M., Chan, C. S., & Li, K. (2020). Market Potential and Obstacles for Film-Induced Tourism Development in Yunnan Province in China. Journal of China Tourism Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1819498 [SJR: 0.381; ESCI]
Chan, C. S., Chang, T. C., & Liu, Y. (2020). Investigating creative experiences and environmental perception of creative tourism: The case of PMQ (Police Married Quarters) in Hong Kong. Journal of China Tourism Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1812459 [SJR: 0.385; ESCI]
Zhang, S., Chan, C. S., Liu, J., & Zhu, H. (2020). Different stakeholders’ perceptions and asymmetric influencing factors towards nature-based tourism in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(8), 889-901. [SSCI: 2.017]
Agapito, D., & Chan, C. S. (2020). Perspectives on community involvement in the revitalisation of cultural and natural heritage for sustainable tourism: A case of an island in Hong Kong. In P. Pinto, & M. Guerreiro (Eds.), Handbook of research on resident and tourist perspectives on travel destinations (pp. 115-139). Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA: IGI Global.
Duan, X., Marafa, L. M., Chan, C. S., Xu, H., & Cheung, L. T. O. (2020). Measuring the gaps in the projected image and perceived image of rural tourism destinations in China’s Yangtze River Delta. Sustainability, 12(12), 5121-5137. [SSCI: 2.592]
Chan, C. S., & Ma, H. (2020). Comparison study of Hong Kong and Shenzhen university students on the perceived image across cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area based on impression perception (in Chinese). Jinan Journal (Philosophy & Social Science Edition), 259, https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/44.1285.C.20200807.1019.002.html [CSSCI]
Chan, C. S., & Ma, H. (2020). Youth tourist perspective as solution or mitigation of overtourism? A comparative study of Shenzhen and Hong Kong university students’ perception of the city image of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (in Chinese). Tourism Planning and Design, in press.
Zhou, Q., Chan, C. S., & Ma, H. (2020). Analysis of the hot spots of tourist attractions in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from the perspective of big data (in Chinese). In: F. M. C. Cheung & V. W. T. Zheng (Eds.), Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) Symposium. CUHK, Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies.
Eichelberger, S., Peters, M., Pikkemaat, B., & Chan, C. S. (2020). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in smart cities for tourism development: From stakeholder perceptions to regional tourism policy implications. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 319-329. [SSCI: 3.415]
Lam, K. L., Chan, C. S., & Peters, M. (2020). Understanding technological contributions to accessible tourism from the perspective of destination design for visually impaired visitors in Hong Kong.? Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 17, 100434. [SSCI: 4.279]
Ma, H., Zhou, Q., Chi, D., Longduoqi, A., Yu, D., & Chan, C. S. (2020). Evaluating public spaces of tourist villages by combining Analytic Hierarchy Process and Importance-Performance Analysis: A case study of Jiaochangwei in Shenzhen. China City Planning Review, 29(1), 61-73. [JST, CSCD]
Chan, C. S., SI, F. H., & Randrup, T. B. (2020). A longitudinal investigation of urban park management in Hong Kong: A managerial perspective. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2020-9611
Ng, T-M., & Chan, C. S. (2020). Investigating film-induced tourism potential: The influence of Korean TV dramas on Hong Kong young adults. Asian Geographer, 37(1), 53-73. [SJR: 0.21]
Chan, C. S., Chan, Y. H., & Fong, T. H. A. (2019). Game-based e-Learning for urban tourism education through an online scenario game. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 29(4), 283-300. [SJR: 0.416]
Chan, C. S., Peters, M., & Pikkemaat, B. (2019). Investigating visitors’ perception of smart city dimensions for city branding in Hong Kong. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 620-638. [SJR: 0.24]
Chan, C. S., Nozu, K., & Cheung, L. T. O. (2019). Tourism and natural disaster management process: Perception of tourism stakeholders in the case of Kumamoto earthquake in Japan. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(15), 1864-1885. [SSCI: 3.395]
Agapito, D., & Chan, C. S. (2019). A multisensory approach to responsible management in community-based tourism: A case study in Hong Kong. Journal of Tourism Quarterly, 1(1), 1-13.
Marafa, L. M., & Chan, C. S. (Eds.). (2019). Sustainable tourism in Asia: People and place. Newcastle, The United Kingdom: Cambridge Scholar Publishing. [ISBN: 1-5275-3398-0]
Chan, C-S., Liu, Y, & Li, C-Y. (2019). Expectation-perception evaluation of theme park service quality in Zhengzhou Fantawild, China. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 37(2), 99-117.
Chan, C. S. (2019). Which city theme has the strongest local brand equity for Hong Kong: Green, creative or smart city? Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 15(1), 12-27. [SJR: 0.36]
Marafa, L. M., Qi, H., & Chan, C. S. (2019). The roles of hierarchical administrations of tourism governance in China: A content analysis. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 11(2), 354-369. [SJR: 0.43]
Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2018). Branding places and tourist destinations: A conceptualization and review. In M. A. Camilleri (Ed.), The branding of tourist destinations: Theoretical and empirical insights (pp. 15-42). West Yorkshire, The United States: Emerald Publishing Limited. [ISBN: 978-1-78769-374-6]
Chan, C. S., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Matching projected image with perceived image for geotourism development: A qualitative-quantitative integration. Asian Geographer, 35(2), 143-160. [SJR: 0.21]
Chan, C. S., Yuen, S. K., Duan, X., & Marafa, L. M. (2018). An analysis of push–pull motivations of visitors to Country Parks in Hong Kong. World Leisure, 60(3), 191-208.
Chan, C. S., Marafa, L. M., Konijnendijk van den Bosch, C. C., & Randrup, T. B. (2018). Starting conditions for the green branding of a city. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 10, 10-24. [SSCI: 3.667]
Peters, M., Chan, C. S., & Legerer, A. (2018). Local perception of impact-attitudes-actions towards tourism development in Urlaubsregion Murtal in Austria. Sustainability, 10(7), 2360-2388. [SSCI: 2.075]
Uvinha, R. R., Chan, C. S., Man, C. K., & Marafa, L. M. (2018). Comparing sport event tourists: Hong Kong and S?o Paulo. Brazilian Journal of Tourism Research, 12(1), 180-206.
Duan, X., Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2018). Does authenticity exist in cultural theme parks? A case study of Millennium City Park in Henan, China. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 17(3), 321-338. [SSCI: 1.105]
Chan, C. S., Si, F. H., & Marafa, L. M. (2018). Indicator development for sustainable urban park management in Hong Kong. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 31, 1-14. [SCI/SSCI: 2.782]
Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2018). Knowledge-perception bridge of green-smart integration of cities: An empirical study of Hong Kong. Sustainability, 10(1), 107-126. [SSCI: 2.075]
Ma, H., Li, S., & Chan, C. S. (2018). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based assessment of the value of non-World Heritage Tulou: A case study of Pinghe County, Fujian Province, China. Tourism Management Perspectives, 26, 67-77. [SNIP: 1.225; SJR: 0.851]
Pikkemaat, B., Peters, M., & Chan, C. S. (2018). Needs, drivers and barriers of innovation: The case of an Alpine community-model destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 53-63. [SSCI: 1.779]
Liang, J., & Chan, C. S. (2018). Local cultural vicissitudes in regional tourism development: A case of Zhuhai. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 80-92. [SSCI: 1.779]
Chan, C. S., & Yuan, J. (2017). Changing travel behaviour of High Speed Rail passengers in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(12), 1221-1237. [SSCI: 1.352]
Chan, C. S., Chiu, H. Y., & Marafa, L. M. (2017). The Mainland Chinese market for nature tourism in Hong Kong. Tourism Geographies, 19(5), 801-822. [SSCI: 2.068]
Chan, C. S. (2017). The application of fuzzy sets theory in eco-city classification. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 13(1), 4-17.
Chan, C. S. (2017). Health-related and elements in green space branding in Hong Kong. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 21, 192–202 [SCI/SSCI: 2.782]
Chan, C. S., Marafa, L. M., & McKercher, B. (2016). Sustainable architecture as a conceptual bridge of ecotourism and architecture. International Leisure Review, 2(5), 48-70.
Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2016). How a green city brand determines the willingness to stay in a city? The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 34(6), 719-731. [SSCI: 1.741]
Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2016). The green branding of Hong Kong: Visitors’ and residents’ perceptions. Journal of Place Management and Development, 9(3), 289-312.
Chiu, H. Y., Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2016). Local perception and preferences of nature tourism in Hong Kong. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 87-97. [SNIP: 1.381; SJR: 1.067]
Chan, C. S., Peters, M. & Marafa, L. M. (2016). An assessment of place brand potential: Familiarity, favourability and uniqueness. Journal of Place Management and Development, 9(3), 269-288.
Zhang, S., & Chan, C. S. (2016). Nature-based tourism development in Hong Kong: Importance–Performance perceptions of local residents and tourists. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 38-46. [SNIP: 1.381; SJR: 1.067]
Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2016). Perceptual content analysis for city image: A case study of Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(12), 1285-1299. [SSCI; Impact factor: 1.023]
Chan, C. S., Peters, M. & Marafa, L. M. (2015). Public parks in city branding: Perceptions of visitors vis-à-vis residents in Hong Kong. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 14(4), 1157-1165. [SCI/SSCI; Impact factor: 2.109]
Chan, C.S., Marafa, L.M., & van den Bosch, C.C.K. (2015). Changing perspectives in urban park management: A longitudinal study of Hong Kong. Managing Leisure, 20(1), 56-76.
Chan, C.S., Marafa, L.M., & McKercher, B. (2014). Linking ecotourism and architecture: A conceptual bridge of sustainable architecture. Eco-city and Green Building, 16, 36-41.
Chan, C.S. (2014). Applying linear programming in city brand equity concept: A case study of Hong Kong. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 14(1), 1-22.
Chan, C.S., & Marafa, L.M. (2014). Developing a sustainable and green city brand in Hong Kong: Assessment of current brand and park resources. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 14(1), 93-117.
Chan, C.S., & Marafa, L.M. (2014). Rebranding Hong Kong “Green”: The potential for connecting city branding with green resources. World Leisure Journal, 56(1), 62-80.
Chan, C.S., & Marafa, L.M. (2013). A review of place branding methodologies in the new millennium. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 9(4), 236-253.
Chan, C.S., & Konijnendijk, C.C. (May 2013). Gr?n markedsf?ring af metropolen Hong Kong (In English: Green Branding of a Metropolis: Lesson from Hong Kong). Videnblade Park og Landskab, 3.3-77.
Chan, C.S., & Marafa, L.M. (2013). The quest for branding Hong Kong green. Regions, 289(1), 23-26.
Chan, C.S., & Marafa, L.M. (2008). Use of indicators and sustainability frameworks for effective urban park management. Australasian Parks and Leisure, 11(1), 21.
Chan, C.S., & Marafa, L.M. (2006). Components of urban park systems: United States and Hong Kong. Parks & Recreation, 41(1), 26-30.



Teaching Fields

Urban tourism
Sustainable tourism
Ecotourism
Place branding

Research interests

Place branding
Sustainable tourism
Accessible and multi-sensory tourism


Services/ Posts

EXCO Member, Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management
Chair, Scholarship and Student Exchange Committee
Member, Admissions and School Partnership Committee
Member, Staff-Student Consultative Committee (SSCC)
Director, Master of Social Science in Sustainable Tourism (MSSST), Department of Geography and Resource Management, CUHK (Acting from Mar to July 2017)
Member, Global China Research Programme (GCRP)
Member, World Leisure Organization (WLO)





SUGGESTED RESEARCH TOPICS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS Understanding the post-COVID-19 pandemic changing tourism risks and travel perception of global travellers The global COVID-19 pandemic tremendously reshapes travel industries and tourist perception worldwide. Apart from a popular urban destination, Hong Kong also serves as an important source of domestic visit to local attractions and outbound tourists to many destinations both regionally and internationally. Travel market requires empirical data to support the Post-pandemic strategies, especially thorough understanding of the influences of changing perception of tourism risks, experience and behavioural intention. This study develops and tests an integrated model and its hypotheses of the perceived tourism risks (man-made and natural disasters) that explains the associations between the perceived experience and ultimately tourist behaviour.

Investigating accessible tourism as a sustainable tourism development strategy: Lesson learnt from destinations of Olympic Games The creation of barrier-free public environments is both the key and the frontier research area of universally accessible societies and social sustainability.? Theoretical and knowledge deficiency exists in this area of knowledge.?There is still a large room for thorough understanding of how destinations should enhance the visitor experience through environmental design and settings, as well as technological dimension such as ICT, especially for the removal of barriers for physical or sensory impaired visitors.?
Through a series of site observation and interviews with stakeholders in planning and management of tourist destinations where Olympic Games were held, this research aims to discern the strategy of accessible tourism provided by various actors in tourism industry in these destinations.? The study specifically focuses on the elements of destination design, multi-sensory stimuli and ICT development on the destinations and attraction level from a supply-side perspective.