结构损伤参量灵敏度分析的传感器数量位置优化

孙晓丹¹, 欧进萍^1,2

1.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院;2.大连理工大学土木水利工程学院



摘要:

为判断结构是否存在一定水平的损伤,对结构健康监测系统中所需的加速度传感器的最小数目及其位置进行计算.以损伤参量的灵敏度技术为基础,根据结构损伤对各种损伤参量的影响范围的不同,以遗传算法为工具,针对各种损伤参量得出所需传感器的最小数目以及其配置位置.通过对19自由度的简支梁进行仿真分析,得到对于不同损伤参量进行损伤识别所需加速度传感器最小数目和位置,结果表明对于该算例,柔度法所需传感器数目较少,但是损伤位置比较难确定,而对于模态曲率和模态应变能所需传感器比较多.通过该布置方法可以对结构损伤情况的损伤位置有大致评估,对多损伤状态的最大损伤处有初步定位.

关键词:  传感器优化  损伤识别  灵敏度  误差分析  遗传算法

DOI：10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2010.10.004

分类号:TU317

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50538020);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAJ03B05;2006BAJ13B03)



Optimal sensor placement based on sensitivity of damage parameters

SUN Xiao-dan¹, OU jin-ping^1,2

1.School of Civil Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China;2.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

Abstract:

In this paper,an alternative method is presented to decide the optimal sensor number based on sensitivity.According to different influence ranges of different damage parameters and the degree of damage in each element and damage index,the minimum number of sensors and their placement can be found by sensitivity and genetic algorithms.Computational simulation of a 19-DOF simply supported beam is implemented with this method to evaluate the minimum number of sensors of different damage parameters.Moreover,damage location can be detected under single-damage situation and the element with the most severe damage can be identified in multi-damage case by the proposed sensor placement.

Key words:  optimal sensor placement  structural damage identification  sensitivity  error analysis  genetic algorithms