摘要:连作障碍的发生与发展对药用植物的产量和品质构成了严重威胁，探寻有效的连作障碍消减策略尤为重要。本研究经连续4年的田间定位试验，分析了微生物菌肥在减缓太子参连作障碍中的作用；并采用qRT-PCR和HPLC-MS技术分析菌肥改良对太子参根际关键微生物和太子参主效成分的影响；结合药理试验评估了不同处理太子参的功效差异。结果表明，田间菌肥改良重茬太子参效果连续4年均较为显著，重茬地经菌肥改良后较不改良重茬产量分别增长68.28%、111.58%、257.54%和133.23%。菌肥改良能显著增加重茬太子参根际土壤中有益假单胞菌属丰度、减少致病尖孢镰刀菌丰度，也增加太子参中总多糖和环肽B含量；菌肥改良后太子参中氨基酸种类和含量与重茬1年和标准品组无显著差异，且8种氨基酸含量与正茬无显著差异。药理试验结果表明，太子参可以缓解环磷酰胺对小鼠造成的伤害，菌肥改良太子参对小鼠脾脏指数、肝脏重量、附睾脂肪重量、全血白细胞和红细胞含量的影响与正茬太子参无显著差异，且在血小板恢复上与标准品太子参一致。此外，菌肥改良太子参组总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）最强，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性也显著高于正茬和标准品太子参；且与正茬太子参相比，菌肥处理组能显著提高小鼠肝脏组织中免疫因子IL-2和IFN-r mRNA表达水平；而在免疫因子TNF-α表达水平上，菌肥处理组与正茬无显著差异。总体而言，功能微生物菌肥能有效减缓太子参连作障碍问题，改善重茬太子参质量和药理作用。
关键词:太子参/
连作障碍/
菌肥/
根际调控/
药理作用
Abstract:The continuous monoculture problem commonly causes huge economic losses in modern agricultural production. The occurrence and development of continuous cropping obstacles pose a serious threat to the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal plants; therefore, it is important to explore effective strategies to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles. In this study, we evaluated the effects of microbial fertilizer application on the continuous cropping obstacles and pharmacological activities of radix pseudostellariae (Pseudostellaria heterophylla). The effects of microbial fertilizer application on the yields of continuous monocultured radix pseudostellariae for 4 years under field localization experiments were investigated. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) were used to analyze the effects on the rhizosphere soil microorganisms and the main effective components of radix pseudostellariae. We also used pharmacological tests to analyze the efficiency of radix pseudostellariae under different treatments. Our results showed that microbial fertilizer significantly improved the growth of continuous monocultured radix pseudostellariae, and the yield increased by 68.28%, 111.58%, 257.54%, and 133.23% in 4 years, respectively. Microbial fertilizer application significantly increased the abundance of beneficial Pseudomonas spp., decreased pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum in the rhizosphere soil, and increased the contents of total polysaccharides and heterophyllin B in radix pseudostellariae as compared with those of the consecutive monoculture treatments. The types and contents of amino acids in radix pseudostellariae under microbial fertilizer application were similar to those in the 1-year monoculture and standard radix pseudostellariae. Eight types of amino acids in the microbial fertilizer amendment and the newly planted radix pseudostellariae were not significantly different. Pharmacological tests showed that radix pseudostellariae alleviated the damage caused by cyclophosphamide in mice. There were no significant differences in the spleen index, liver weight, epididymal fat weight, and white or red blood cell content of mice treated with plants of the microbial fertilizer amended and newly planted radix pseudostellariae. The effect of radix pseudostellariae on platelet recovery of mice under microbial fertilizer amendment was consistent with that of standard radix pseudostellariae. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity of radix pseudostellariae under microbial fertilizer amendment was stronger, and the superoxide dismutase content was significantly higher than that of newly planted and standard radix pseudostellariae. Compared with newly planted radix pseudostellariae, the microbial fertilizer amendment significantly increased the expression of immune factors IL-2 and IFN-r in the liver tissue of mice. There was no significant difference in the expression of TNF-α between the microbial fertilizer amendment and newly planted radix pseudostellariae. In conclusion, microbial fertilizer amendment effectively alleviated the continuous cropping obstacle and improved the quality and pharmacological activities of radix pseudostellariae. Our results provide guidance for studying alleviation strategies in other Chinese medicinal plants under consecutive monoculture regimes and for evaluating the quality and pharmacological activities of modified medicinal plants.
Key words:Radix pseudostellariae/
Continuous cropping obstacle/
Microbial fertilizer/
Rhizosphere management/
Pharmacological activities
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