摘要:作为一种重要的农用植被类型，果园在我国陆地生态系统碳汇评价中占有重要的地位，其碳储量及其碳汇经济价值的估算是全球碳循环研究的重要内容。本研究以山定子、八棱海棠、平邑甜茶3种苹果砧木与‘富士’‘金冠’2种苹果接穗嫁接组成的6种砧穗组合为试验材料，分别对其植株、土壤、枯落物进行碳储量分析，对系统单位面积苹果树的碳储量汇总，探究不同砧穗组合土壤-植被系统固碳能力及其差异，为理清并进一步提升苹果园碳储量提供理论依据。结果表明：相比于其他组织，苹果根含碳率高；各器官中树干生物量最高，占总生物量的33.89%~47.95%。不同器官的碳储量差异较大，表现为树干>树枝>根，且树干碳储量占植株碳储量的38%以上。对各砧穗组合植株碳储量比较发现，同种砧木、不同接穗的砧穗组合间，植株碳储量差异显著，以山定子、平邑甜茶为砧木时，‘富士’为接穗的组合显著高于‘金冠’为接穗的组合；同种接穗不同砧木间植株碳储量差异不显著。而对各砧穗组合枯落物碳储量比较发现，同种砧木不同接穗间差异显著，以‘富士’为接穗的砧穗组合显著高于‘金冠’为接穗的组合；同种接穗不同砧木间，以山定子为砧木的砧穗组合枯落物碳储量显著高于八棱海棠和平邑甜茶，后两者间无显著差异。0~20 cm土壤的碳储量（57.86~80.91 t·hm-2）显著高于20~40 cm（20.15~25.97 t·hm-2）、40~60 cm（11.54~14.62 t·hm-2）及60~100 cm（17.41~33.98 t·hm-2）土层。‘金冠’/山定子砧穗组合单位面积碳储量值最高；各砧穗组合碳储量经济价值差异不大，平均17.084万元·hm-2。
关键词:苹果/
砧穗组合/
生物量/
碳储量
Abstract:Orchard ecosystems are an important form of agriculture that plays a significant role in the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Estimating carbon sequestration and economic value of orchards is a central part of global carbon cycle research. In this study, six orthogonal combinations of three stock species (Malus micromalus, M. baccata, and M. hupehensis) and two scions of apple cultivars ('Fuji' and 'Golden Delicious') were examined for the carbon storage in the vegetation layers, soil, and litter of apple orchard. Carbon storage in the orchard ecosystems was summarized, and the carbon sequestration capacities of different soil-vegetation systems were explored. This work provides a theoretical basis for improving the carbon storage of apple orchards. The results showed that, compared with other tissues, the roots had the highest carbon content, while the trunk biomass was the highest among all organs biomasses, accounting for 33.89% to 47.95% of the total biomass. The carbon storage of each organ was different and in the sequence of trunk > branches > root. Carbon storage in the trunk accounted for more than 38% of the whole plant. When comparing the plant carbon storage of each combination, there were significant differences between scions. When M. baccata and M. hupehensis were used as stocks, the combination with 'Fuji' as the scion was significantly higher than that with 'Golden Delicious'. Comparison of the litter carbon storage in the various stocks and scions showed significant differences between different scions of the same stock; the stock combination with 'Fuji' was significantly higher than the combination with 'Golden Delicious'. Carbon storage in the litter indicated that there were significant differences in carbon storage among stocks. Carbon storage in the litter of combinations with M. baccata as the stock was significantly higher than in the combinations with M. micromalus and M. hupehensis as stocks. However, there were no significant differences between the latter two. Carbon storage in the 0-20 cm soil layer (57.86-80.91 t·hm-2) was significantly higher than that in the 20-40 cm (20.15-25.97 t·hm-2), 40-60 cm (11.54-14.62 t·hm-2), and 60-100 cm (17.41-33.98 t·hm-2) soil layers. 'Golden Delicious'/M. baccata had the highest carbon storage value per area. Moreover, there was little difference in the economic value of carbon storage in each stock combination, with an average of RMB 170.84 thousand Yuan per hectare.
Key words:Apple/
Grafting combination/
Biomass/
Carbon sequestration
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